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Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Definitions3 Prevalence4 Assessments, Diagnostic Testing, Disease Monitoring, and Prognosis5 Potential Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Food Allergy Risk and Possible Prevention Strategies6 Management in the Health Care Setting7 Management of Packaged Foods8 Managing Food Allergies in Retail, Food Service, Schools, Higher Education, and Travel Settings9 Research Needs10 Final Comments: A Roadmap to SafetyAppendix A: Open Session AgendasAppendix B: Food Allergy Prevalence Literature Search StrategyAppendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search StrategyAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix E: DefinitionsAppendix F: Committee Members Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
1

HIV and the Blood Supply - Committee To Study Hiv Transmission Through Blood And Blood Products - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

HIV and the Blood Supply - Committee To Study Hiv Transmission Through Blood And Blood Products - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decision-making regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was done—and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area:Product treatment—Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner?Donor screening and referral—including a review of screening to exlude high-risk individuals. Regulations and recall of contaminated blood—analyzing decisions by federal agencies and the private sector. Risk communication—examining whether infections could have been averted by better communication of the risks. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 The U.S. Blood Supply System3 History of the Controversy4 Product Treatment5 Donor Screening and Deferral6 Regulations and Recall7 Risk Communication to Physicians and Patients8 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendixesA Individuals Interviewed by the CommitteeB Individuals Providing Oral and Written TestimonyC Chronological Summary of Critical Events, NHF Communications, Knowledge Base, Risk Assessment, Clinical Options, and NHF ActionsD Key Documents Provided to the CommitteeE Glossary of Acronyms and TermsF Committee and Staff BiographiesIndex

DKK 448.00
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Improved Operational Testing and Evaluation and Methods of Combining Test Information for the Stryker Family of Vehicles and Related Army Systems -

Improved Operational Testing and Evaluation and Methods of Combining Test Information for the Stryker Family of Vehicles and Related Army Systems -

The U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) is responsible for the operational testing and evaluation of Army systems in development. ATECrequested that the National Research Council form the Panel on Operational Test Design and Evaluation of the Interim Armored Vehicle (Stryker). The charge to this panel was to explore three issues concerning the IOT plans for the Stryker/SBCT. First, the panel was asked to examine the measures selected to assess the performance and effectiveness of the Stryker/SBCT in comparison both to requirements and to the baseline system. Second, the panel was asked to review the test design for the Stryker/SBCT initial operational test to see whether it is consistent with best practices. Third, the panel was asked to identify the advantages and disadvantages of techniques for combining operational test data with data from other sources and types of use. In a previous report (appended to the current report) the panel presented findings, conclusions, and recommendations pertaining to the first two issues: measures of performance and effectiveness, and test design. In the current report, the panel discusses techniques for combining information. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1. Introduction to Combining Information2. Examples of Combining Information3. Combining Information in Practice4. Prerequisites for Combining Information5. Testing Challenges and Opportunities Posed by the Future Combat SystemReferencesAppendix A: Further Details Concerning the Bearing Cage ExampleAppendix B: Technical Details on Combining Information in Estimation: A Treatment of Separate Failure ModesAppendix C: The Rocket Development ProgramAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsPhase I Report: Operational Test Design and Evaluation of the Interim Armored VehicleBiographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff

DKK 409.00
1

Review of Department of Defense Test Protocols for Combat Helmets - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Review of Department of Defense Test Protocols for Combat Helmets - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Combat helmets have evolved considerably over the years from those used in World War I to today's Advanced Combat Helmet. One of the key advances was the development of aramid fibers in the 1960s, which led to today's Kevlar-based helmets. The Department of Defense is continuing to invest in research to improve helmet performance, through better design and materials as well as better manufacturing processes. Review of the Department of Defense Test Protocols for Combat Helmets considers the technical issues relating to test protocols for military combat helmets. At the request of the DOD Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, this report evaluates the adequacy of the Advanced Combat Helmet test protocol for both first article testing and lot acceptance testing, including its use of the metrics of probability of no penetration and the upper tolerance limit (used to evaluate backface deformation). The report evaluates appropriate use of statistical techniques in gathering data; adequacy of current helmet testing procedures; procedures for the conduct of additional analysis of penetration and backface deformation data; and scope of characterization testing relative to the benefit of the information obtained.

DKK 344.00
1

Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

In recent years there have been increasing efforts to use accountability systems based on large-scale tests of students as a mechanism for improving student achievement. The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a prominent example of such an effort, but it is only the continuation of a steady trend toward greater test-based accountability in education that has been going on for decades. Over time, such accountability systems included ever-stronger incentives to motivate school administrators, teachers, and students to perform better. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education reviews and synthesizes relevant research from economics, psychology, education, and related fields about how incentives work in educational accountability systems. The book helps identify circumstances in which test-based incentives may have a positive or a negative impact on student learning and offers recommendations for how to improve current test-based accountability policies. The most important directions for further research are also highlighted. For the first time, research and theory on incentives from the fields of economics, psychology, and educational measurement have all been pulled together and synthesized. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education will inform people about the motivation of educators and students and inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems. Education researchers, K-12 school administrators and teachers, as well as graduate students studying education policy and educational measurement will use this book to learn more about the motivation of educators and students. Education policy makers at all levels of government will rely on this book to inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems.

DKK 227.00
1

Technical Assessment of the Man-in-Simulant Test Program - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Technical Assessment of the Man-in-Simulant Test Program - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The cornerstone of chemical and biological defense strategy is protection (i.e., insulating personnel from chemical and biological agents using individual clothing ensembles and respirators, as well as collective filtration systems and shelters). The CSC was asked by the CBDCOM to undertake a technology assessment of the Army's MIST program-which is designed to test protective suit ensembles in simulated chemical attacks.

DKK 305.00
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Test and Evaluation Challenges in Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Systems for the Department of the Air Force - Air Force Studies Board - Bog -

Test and Evaluation Challenges in Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Systems for the Department of the Air Force - Air Force Studies Board - Bog -

The Department of the Air Force (DAF) is in the early stages of incorporating modern artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into its systems and operations. The integration of AI-enabled capabilities across the DAF will accelerate over the next few years. At the request of DAF Air and Space Forces, this report examines the Air Force Test Center technical capabilities and capacity to conduct rigorous and objective tests, evaluations, and assessments of AI-enabled systems under operational conditions and against realistic threats. This report explores both the opportunities and challenges inherent in integrating AI at speed and at scale across the DAF. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Definitions and Perspectives3 Test and Evaluation of DAF AI-Enabled Systems4 Evolution of Test and Evaluation in Future AI-Based DAF Systems5 AI Technical Risks Under Operational Conditions6 Emerging AI Technologies and Future T&E Implications7 Concluding ThoughtsAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Public Meeting AgendasAppendix C: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix E: Testing, Evaluating, and Assessing Artificial IntelligenceEnabled Systems Under Operational Conditions for the Department of the Air Force: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief

DKK 325.00
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Generating Evidence for Genomic Diagnostic Test Development - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Generating Evidence for Genomic Diagnostic Test Development - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Ten years after the sequencing of the human genome, scientists have developed genetic tests that can predict a person's response to certain drugs, estimate the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and make other predictions based on known links between genes and diseases. However, genetic tests have yet to become a routine part of medical care, in part because there is not enough evidence to show they help improve patients' health. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to explore how researchers can gather better evidence more efficiently on the clinical utility of genetic tests. Generating Evidence for Genomic Diagnostic Test Development compares the evidence that is required for decisions regarding clearance, use, and reimbursement, to the evidence that is currently generated. The report also addresses innovative and efficient ways to generate high-quality evidence, as well as barriers to generating this evidence. Generating Evidence for Genomic Diagnostic Test Development contains information that will be of great value to regulators and policymakers, payers, health-care providers, researchers, funders, and evidence-based review groups. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Stakeholder Perspectives on Evidence3 Approaches to Evidence Generation4 Overcoming Barriers for Evidence Generation5 Considerations Moving Forward6 Final RemarksReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Speaker Biographical SketchesAppendix C: Registered Attendees

DKK 208.00
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The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including:the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing;the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions;commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; andpotential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise. Table of ContentsFront MatterEXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY1 SAFETY, SECURITY, AND RELIABILITY OF THE U.S. NUCLEAR WEAPONS STOCKPILE2 TECHNICAL MONITORING CAPABILITIES AND CHALLENGES3 SUSTAINING U.S. TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES UNDER THE CTBT4 POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ADVANCES FROM NUCLEAR-EXPLOSION TESTING5 COMPLETE LIST OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONSAPPENDIX A Committee on Reviewing and Updating "Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty" (CTBT)APPENDIX B List of CTBT Committee and Seismology Subcommittee MeetingsAPPENDIX C The U.S. National Capability to Monitor for Nuclear ExplosionsAPPENDIX D Monitoring Areas of High InterestAPPENDIX E Dealing with Evasive Underground Nuclear TestingAPPENDIX F Issues Related to Containment of RadioactivityAPPENDIX G U.S. Satellite Nuclear Detonation Detection Capability: Options and ImpactsAPPENDIX H Satellite-Based Challenges and SolutionsAPPENDIX I ReferencesAPPENDIX J List of AcronymsAPPENDIX K Glossary of Key Terms from the 2010 CTBT NIE

DKK 292.00
1

Review of the Need for a Large-Scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog -

Review of the Need for a Large-Scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog -

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has proposed that a large-scale wind test facility (LSWTF) be constructed to study, in full-scale, the behavior of low-rise structures under simulated extreme wind conditions. To determine the need for, and potential benefits of, such a facility, the Idaho Operations Office of the DOE requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform an independent assessment of the role and potential value of an LSWTF in the overall context of wind engineering research. The NRC established the Committee to Review the Need for a Large-scale Test Facility for Research on the Effects of Extreme Winds on Structures, under the auspices of the Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment, to perform this assessment. This report conveys the results of the committee's deliberations as well as its findings and recommendations.

DKK 279.00
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Improved Operational Testing and Evaluation - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Improved Operational Testing and Evaluation - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) is responsible for the operational testing and evaluation of Army systems in development. ATEC requested that the National Research Council form the Panel on Operational Test Design and Evaluation of the Interim Armored Vehicle (Stryker) to explore three issues concerning the initial operation test plans for the Stryker/Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT). First, the panel was asked to examine the measures selected to assess the performance and effectiveness of the Stryker/IBCT in comparison both to requirements and to the baseline system. Second, the panel was asked to review the test design for the Stryker/IBCT initial operational test to see whether it is consistent with best practices. Third, the panel was asked to identify the advantages and disadvantages of techniques for combining operational test data with data from other sources and types of use. In this report the panel presents findings, conclusions, and recommendations pertaining to the first two issues: measures of performance and effectiveness, and test design. The panel intends to prepare a second report that discusses techniques for combining information. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1. Introduction2. Test Process3. Test Measures4. Statistical Design5. Data Analysis6. Assessing the IBCT/Stryker Operational Test in a Broad ContextReferencesAppendix A: Letter Report of the Panel to the Army Test and Evalution CommandAppendix B: Force Exchange Ratio, Historical Win Probability, and Winning with Decisive ForceAppendix C: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff

DKK 286.00
1

Enabling Novel Treatments for Nervous System Disorders by Improving Methods for Traversing the Blood–?Brain Barrier - Forum On Neuroscience And

Enabling Novel Treatments for Nervous System Disorders by Improving Methods for Traversing the Blood–?Brain Barrier - Forum On Neuroscience And

Despite substantial advances in developing treatments for the serious illnesses that affect people worldwide, there remains a tremendous unmet need in the treatment of complex neurologic diseases, including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Chief among the challenges that have hindered the development of therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the challenges associated with the BBB that have thus far stymied development of CNS drugs, examine new technologies that could address these challenges, and highlight potential opportunities for moving the field forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Traversing the BloodBrain Barrier: Challenges and Opportunities3 Modalities and Technologies for Brain Delivery4 Regulatory Considerations for Drugs That Traverse the BloodBrain Barrier5 Accelerating Research and Clinical Translation: Consortia and Public–Private PartnershipsAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Registered Attendees

DKK 409.00
1

Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons - Committee On Review And

Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons - Committee On Review And

In 1996, the U.S. Congress enacted two laws, Public Law 104-201 (authorization legislation) and Public Law 104-208 (appropriation legislation), mandating that the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) conduct an assessment of alternative technologies to the baseline incineration process for the demilitarization of assembled chemical munitions. The PMACWA had previously requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform and publish an independent evaluation of the seven technologies packages that had been selected during earlier phases of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) program and deliver a report by September 1, 1999. However, to meet that deadline, the NRC Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (ACW Committee) had to terminate its data-gathering activities on March 15, 1999, prior to the completion of demonstration tests. In September 1999, the PMACWA requested that the ACW Committee examine the reports of the demonstration tests and determine if the results changed the committee's original findings, recommendations, and comments. Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons documents the committee's reassessment of the findings and recommendations in the original report, Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons.

DKK 305.00
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Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems - Board On Army Research And Development - Bog - National

Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems - Board On Army Research And Development - Bog - National

Rigorous operational testing (OT) of weapon systems procured by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is fundamental to ensuring that these sophisticated systems not only meet their stated requirements, but also perform under realistic operational conditions when faced by determined adversaries employing their own highly capable offensive and defensive weaponry. DoD's test and training range enterprise provides the geography, infrastructure, technology, expertise, processes, and management that make safe, secure, and comprehensive OT possible. The challenges facing the nation's range infrastructure are both increasing and accelerating. Limited test capacity in physical resources and workforce, the age of test infrastructure, the capability to test advanced technologies, and encroachment impact the ability to inform system performance, integrated system performance and the overall pace of testing. Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems assesses the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation ranges, infrastructure, and tools for determining the operational effectiveness, suitability, survivability, and lethality of military systems. This report explores modernization, sustainment, operations, and resource challenges for test and evaluation ranges, and makes recommendations to put the DoD range enterprise on a modernization trajectory to meet the needs of OT in the years ahead. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 An Envisioned Future of Operational Test and Evaluation3 Testing for Future Combat: Multi-Domain Operations, Connected Concurrent Kill Chains, and Mitigating Encroachment4 Digital Infrastructure Needs for Operational Testing5 Speed-to-Field: Restructuring the Requirements and Resources Processes for DoD Test Ranges6 Conclusion and Summary of Recommendations by ActorAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of Task and Completion MatrixAppendix B: Site Visit SummariesAppendix C: Committee Member BiographiesAppendix D: Disclosure of Unavoidable Conflicts of InterestAppendix E: Abbreviations and Acronyms

DKK 240.00
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The Five Series Study - Harriet Crawford - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Five Series Study - Harriet Crawford - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

More than 200,000 U.S. military personnel participated in atmospheric nuclear weapons tests between 1945 and the 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Questions persist, such as whether that test participation is associated with the timing and causes of death among those individuals. This is the report of a mortality study of the approximately 70,000 soldiers, sailors, and airmen who participated in at least one of five selected U.S. nuclear weapons test series1 in the 1950s and nearly 65,000 comparable nonparticipants, the referents. The investigation described in this report, based on more than 5 million person-years of mortality follow-up, represents one of the largest cohort studies of military veterans ever conducted.

DKK 409.00
1

Review of the Department of Defense Biokinetic Modeling Approach in Support of Establishing an Airborne Lead Exposure Limit - Board On Environmental

Review of the Department of Defense Biokinetic Modeling Approach in Support of Establishing an Airborne Lead Exposure Limit - Board On Environmental

Biokinetic modeling provides a mathematical technique for estimating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals, including particles and metals, in humans. Such models can be used to relate the amount of lead external exposure to the amount of lead found in the blood and other tissues at different points in time. At the request of the Department of Defense (DoD), Review of the Department of Defense Biokinetic Modeling Approach in Support of Establishing an Airborne Lead Exposure Limit evaluates whether the model used by DoD to derive airborne lead concentrations from blood lead levels is appropriate. This report also considers whether DoD's modifications to the model are appropriately justified, and whether the assumptions in and inputs to the model are reasonable. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Committee's Approach to Its Task3 Committee's Review of the DoD-O'Flaherty ModelReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Committee Member Biosketches

DKK 240.00
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryPart I1 Introduction2 Applying the "Guiding Principles Report"3 Methodological ConsiderationsPart II4 Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy5 Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Toxicity6 Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease7 Potassium Dietary Reference Intakes: Risk Characterization and Special Considerations for Public HealthPart III8 Sodium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy9 Sodium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Toxicity10 Sodium: Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease11 Sodium Dietary Reference Intakes: Risk Characterization and Special Considerations for Public HealthPart IV12 Knowledge Gaps and Future DirectionsAppendix A: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix B: Open Session AgendasAppendix C: Committee's Assessment of the "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Systematic Review"Appendix D: Indicators Not Relevant for Establishing Dietary Reference Intake ValuesAppendix E: Supplemental Literature SearchesAppendix F: Estimates of Potassium and Sodium Intakes from Breast Milk and Complementary FoodsAppendix G: Sources of Evidence for Potassium and Sodium Intake DistributionsAppendix H: Supplemental Risk Characterization FiguresAppendix I: Committee Member Biographical SketchesAppendix J: Dietary Reference Intakes Summary Tables

DKK 604.00
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Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants - Committee On Evaluating Hearing Loss For Individuals With Cochlear Implants - Bog -

Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants - Committee On Evaluating Hearing Loss For Individuals With Cochlear Implants - Bog -

The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) administers programs that provide disability benefits. Once SSA establishes the presence of a severe impairment, it determines whether the impairment meets the criteria in the Listing of Impairments (Listings) that qualify a candidate for disability benefits. The current Listings that address hearing loss treated with cochlear implantation contain criteria that evaluate hearing ability through a speech recognition test called the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). Since its development in 1994, the HINT has been widely used to measure cochlear implant candidacy and postoperative outcomes. However, the test characteristics, the state of cochlear implant technology, and the environment that made the HINT a common choice of assessment in 1994 are different in 2021. The HINT has several limitations in its characteristics and deviation from its intended use. At the request of SSA, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a consensus study committee to identify and recommend generalized testing procedures and criteria for evaluating the level of functional hearing ability needed to make a disability determination in adults and children after cochlear implantation. The committee's report, Evaluating Hearing Loss for Individuals with Cochlear Implants, details and supports its findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on published evidence and professional judgment. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Considerations for Evaluating Hearing Function3 Characteristics and Limitations of the Hearing in Noise Test4 Characteristics of Hearing and Speech Tests5 Evaluating Hearing Ability in Persons with Cochlear Implants with Single-Sided Deafness or Asymmetric Hearing Loss6 Test Comparisons and Recommendations

DKK 318.00
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