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Responding to Capability Surprise - Naval Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

From a military operational standpoint, surprise is an event or capability that could affect the outcome of a mission or campaign for which preparations are not in place. This book examines the issues surrounding capability surprise, both operational and technical, facing the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

DKK 377.00

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Fishing Vessel Safety - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Addressing the role of the US Coast Guard and the fishing industry, this book evaluates safety measures, such as vessel inspection and registration, and the training and licensing of fishermen. It also explores vessel condition, the role of human behaviour, the problem of weather prediction, the high cost of insurance, and more.

DKK 500.00

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Spills of Nonfloating Oils - Marine Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1996, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) was directed to assess the risk of spills for oils that may sink or be negatively buoyant, to examine and evaluate existing cleanup technologies, and to identify and appraise technological and financial barriers that could impede a prompt response to such spills. The USCG requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform these tasks. In response to this request, the NRC established the Committee on the Marine Transportation of Heavy Oils. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Transportation of Heavy Oils and the Risk of Spills2 Behavioral Models and the Resources at Risk3 Technologies and Techniques4 Barriers to Effective Response5 Findings, Conclusions, and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Participants in the Workshop and Meetings

DKK 240.00

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Oil Spill Risks From Tank Vessel Lightering - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The safety record of lightering (the transfer of petroleum cargo at sea from a large tanker to smaller ones) has been excellent in U.S. waters in recent years, as evidenced by the very low rate of spillage of oil both in absolute terms and compared with all other tanker-related accidental spills. The lightering safety record is likely to be maintained or even improved in the future as overall quality improvements in the shipping industry are implemented. Risks can be reduced even further through measures that enhance sound lightering standards and practices, support cooperative industry efforts to maintain safety, and increase the availability of essential information to shipping companies and mariners. Only continued vigilance and attention to safety initiatives can avert serious accidents involving tankers carrying large volumes of oil. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Lightering Primer3 Lightering Vessels, Systems, and the External Environment4 Procedures, Practices, and Human Factors5 Conclusions and RecommendationsAcronymsAppendix A: Biographies of Committee MembersAppendix B: Committee Meetings, Subgroup Meetings, and Site VisitsAppendix C: U.S. Coast Guard Data on Lightering Incidents, 1984 to 1996Appendix D: Data on East Coast Lightering Operations and IncidentsAppendix E: Data on West Coast Lightering Operations and IncidentsAppendix F: Letter Regarding Chevron Shipping Company's Offshore Lightering PlansAppendix G: Lightering Zone RegulationsAppendix H: Safety ChecklistsAppendix I: Statement of Task

DKK 247.00

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Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Problems stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol and other drugs are by no means a new phenomenon, although the face of the issues has changed in recent years. National trends indicate substantial increases in the abuse of prescription medications. These increases are particularly prominent within the military, a population that also continues to experience long-standing issues with alcohol abuse. The problem of substance abuse within the military has come under new scrutiny in the context of the two concurrent wars in which the United States has been engaged during the past decade--in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn). Increasing rates of alcohol and other drug misuse adversely affect military readiness, family readiness, and safety, thereby posing a significant public health problem for the Department of Defense (DoD). To better understand this problem, DoD requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) assess the adequacy of current protocols in place across DoD and the different branches of the military pertaining to the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces reviews the IOM's task of assessing access to SUD care for service members, members of the National Guard and Reserves, and military dependents, as well as the education and credentialing of SUD care providers, and offers specific recommendations to DoD on where and how improvements in these areas could be made.

DKK 461.00

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Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies

Obesity and overweight pose significant challenges to the armed forces in the United States, affecting service members (including active duty, guard, and reserve components), veterans, retirees, and their families and communities. The consequences of obesity and overweight in the armed forces influence various aspects of its operations that are critical to national security. On May 7, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a workshop titled "Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces." Speakers examined how obesity and overweight are measured in the armed forces and how they affect recruitment, retention, resilience, and readiness; discussed service-specific issues related to these problems and highlighted innovative strategies to address them through improved nutrition, physical activity, and stress management; and offered perspectives from outside of the armed forces on approaches to prevent and treat obesity. They also discussed the challenges and opportunities related to overcoming the concerns posed by obesity and overweight in the armed forces, military families, and their communities, including potential cross-sector opportunities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Defining the Problem and Its Effects on Recruitment, Retention, Resilience, and Readiness3 Service-Specific Issues Related to Obesity and Overweight4 Exploring Innovative Strategies5 Perspectives from Outside the Armed Forces6 Potential Future Opportunities for the Armed Forces, Military Families, and Their CommunitiesReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix C: Innovative Strategies: AbstractsAppendix D: Speaker and Facilitator Biographies

DKK 370.00

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National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response. The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas—all presented within the context of a changing climate. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Naval Capabilities and Potential Climate-Change-Related Operational Issues3 Infrastructure Issues4 Allied Forces' and Partners' Issues5 Climate-Change-Related Technical Issues Impacting U.S. Naval Operations6 Future Research and Development NeedsAppendixesAppendix A: Terms of ReferenceAppendix B: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix C: Biographies of Committee Members and StaffAppendix D: Letter Report to the U.S. Navy

DKK 286.00

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Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National

The human-mediated introduction of species to regions of the world they could never reach by natural means has had great impacts on the environment, the economy, and society. In the ocean, these invasions have long been mediated by the uptake and subsequent release of ballast water in ocean-going vessels. Increasing world trade and a concomitantly growing global shipping fleet composed of larger and faster vessels, combined with a series of prominent ballast-mediated invasions over the past two decades, have prompted active national and international interest in ballast water management. Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water informs the regulation of ballast water by helping the Environnmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) better understand the relationship between the concentration of living organisms in ballast water discharges and the probability of nonindigenous organisms successfully establishing populations in U.S. waters. The report evaluates the risk-release relationship in the context of differing environmental and ecological conditions,including estuarine and freshwater systems as well as the waters of the three-mile territorial sea. It recommends how various approaches can be used by regulatory agencies to best inform risk management decisions on the allowable concentrations of living organisms in discharged ballast water in order to safeguard against the establishment of new aquatic nonindigenous species, and to protect and preserve existing indigenous populations of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and other beneficial uses of the nation's waters. Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water provides valuable information that can be used by federal agencies, such as the EPA, policy makers, environmental scientists, and researchers. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Setting the Invasive Species Management Stage2 Policy Context for Regulating Live Organisms in Ballast Discharge3 Sources of Variation Influencing the Probability of Invasion and Establishment4 Relationship between Propagule Pressureand Establishment Risk5 Other Approaches to Setting a Ballast Water Discharge Standard6 The Path ForwardGlossaryAppendix A Committee Biographical Information

DKK 260.00

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Sharing Clinical Trial Data - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research—from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Guiding Principles for Sharing Clinical Trial Data3 The Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders in the Sharing of Clinical Trial Data4 The Clinical Trial Life Cycle and When to Share Data5 Access to Clinical Trial Data: Governance6 The Future of Data Sharing in a Changing LandscapeAppendix A: Study ApproachAppendix B: Concepts and Methods for De-identifying Clinical Trial DataAppendix C: Legal Discussion of Risks to Industry SponsorsAppendix D: Clinical Trial Data Sharing Policies: Top 1-12 Pharmaceutical Companies Ranked by 2013 Market CapitalizationAppendix E: Biosketches of Committee Members

DKK 396.00

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Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan - Board On The Health Of Select Populations - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

As of December 2012, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in Iraq have resulted in the deployment of about 2.2 million troops; there have been 2,222 US fatalities in OEF and Operation New Dawn (OND)1 and 4,422 in OIF. The numbers of wounded US troops exceed 16,000 in Afghanistan and 32,000 in Iraq. In addition to deaths and morbidity, the operations have unforeseen consequences that are yet to be fully understood. In contrast with previous conflicts, the all-volunteer military has experienced numerous deployments of individual service members; has seen increased deployments of women, parents of young children, and reserve and National Guard troops; and in some cases has been subject to longer deployments and shorter times at home between deployments. Numerous reports in the popular press have made the public aware of issues that have pointed to the difficulty of military personnel in readjusting after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Many of those who have served in OEF and OIF readjust with few difficulties, but others have problems in readjusting to home, reconnecting with family members, finding employment, and returning to school. In response to the return of large numbers of veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan with physical-health and mental-health problems and to the growing readjustment needs of active duty service members, veterans, and their family members, Congress included Section 1661 of the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2008. That section required the secretary of defense, in consultation with the secretary of veterans affairs, to enter into an agreement with the National Academies for a study of the physical-health, mental-health, and other readjustment needs of members and former members of the armed forces who were deployed in OIF or OEF, their families, and their communities as a result of such deployment. The study consisted of two phases. The Phase 1 task was to conduct a preliminary assessment. The Phase 2 task was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the physical, psychologic, social, and economic effects of deployment on and identification of gaps in care for members and former members, their families, and their communities. The Phase 1 report was completed in March 2010 and delivered to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the relevant committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The secretaries of DOD and VA responded to the Phase 1 report in September 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families fulfills the requirement for Phase 2. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Methods3 Characteristics of the Deployed4 Long-Term Outcomes5 Screening, Assessment, and Treatment6 Military Families7 Community Impacts of Deployment8 Socioeconomic Impacts of Deployment on Service Members and Spouses9 Access and Barriers to Care10 Proposed Data Analyses11 RecommendationsAppendix A: Legislation Framing the Committee's TaskAppendix B: Phase I SummaryAppendix C: The DoD and VA Response to the Phase I ReportAppendix D: Summary of Federally Funded Research Related to OEF and OIF PopulationsAppendix E: Individual Ethnographic Assessments of Six CommunitiesAppendix F: Sample of Government Data and Databases

DKK 435.00

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