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An Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology - Committee For An Assessment Of Non Lethal Weapons Science And Technology - Bog - National

An Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology - Committee For An Assessment Of Non Lethal Weapons Science And Technology - Bog - National

Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) are designed to minimize fatalities and other undesired collateral damage when used. Events of the last few years including the attack on the USS Cole have raised ideas about the role NLWs can play in enhancing support to naval forces. In particular to what extent and in what areas should Department of the Navy (DoN) -sponsored science and technology (S&T) provide a research base for developing NLW capabilities? To assist with this question and to evaluate the current NLWs program, the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) requested the National Research Council perform an assessment of NLWs science and technology. The report presents the results of that assessment. It discusses promising NLW S&T areas, development accomplishments and concerns about NLW, and series of recommendations about future NLW development and application.Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1. Introduction2. The Current Status of Non-Lethal Weapons3. Principal Findings4. Conclusions5. RecommendationsAppendix A: Non-Lethal Weapons in the Architecture for Force ProtectionAppendix B: Non-Lethal Weapons Technology TableAppendix C: Discussion of Health Effects of Non-Lethal WeaponsAppendix D: Biographies of Committee Members and StaffAppendix E: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 292.00
1

Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In 1997, the Institute of Medicine published a report entitled Non-Heart- Beating Organ Transplantation: Medical and Ethical Issues in Procurement. The findings and recommendations of that study defined the ethical and scientific basis for non-heart-beating organ donation and transplantation, and provided specific recommendations for practices that affirm patient welfare, promote patient and family choice, and avoid conflicts of interest. Following the 1997 study, the Department of Health and Human Services requested a follow up study to promote such efforts. The central activity for this study was a workshop held in Washington, D.C., on May 24-25, 1999. The workshop provided the opportunity for extensive dialogue on non-heart-beating organ donation among hospitals and organ procurement organizations (OPOs) that are actively involved in non-heartbeating organ and tissue donation and those with concerns about whether and how to proceed. The findings and recommendations of this report are based in large measure on the discussions and insights from that workshop. Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation includes seven recommendations for developing and implementing non-heart-beating-donor protocols. These recommendations were based on the findings and recommendations from the 1997 IOM report and consensus achieved among participants at the national workshop. The committee developed these recommendations as steps towards an approach to non-heart-beating-donor organ donation and procurement consistent with underlying scientific and ethical guidelines, patient and family options and choices, and public trust in organ donation.

DKK 370.00
1

Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Non-Invasive Neuromodulation of the Central Nervous System - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Based on advances in biotechnology and neuroscience, non-invasive neuromodulation devices are poised to gain clinical importance in the coming years and to be of increasing interest to patients, clinicians,health systems, payers, and industry. Evidence suggests that both therapeutic and non-therapeutic applications of non-invasive neuromodulation will continue to expand in coming years, particularly for indications where treatments are currently insufficient, such as drug-resistant depression. Given the growing interest in non-invasive neuromodulation technologies, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a workshop, inviting a range of stakeholders - including developers of devices and new technologies, researchers, clinicians, ethicists, regulators, and payers - to explore the opportunities, challenges, and ethical questions surrounding the development, regulation, and reimbursement of these devices for the treatment of nervous system disorders as well as for non-therapeutic uses, including cognitive and functional enhancement. This report highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Overview of Gaps, Challenges, and Potential Opportunities3 The Science and Technology of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation4 Therapeutic Uses of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation5 Using Non-Invasive Neuromodulation for Diagnosis and Research6 Enhancement of Brain Function and Performance7 Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues8 Regulatory Issues9 Reimbursement Issues10 The Business EnvironmentAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Registered Attendees

DKK 279.00
1

Public Health Lessons for Non-Vaccine Influenza Interventions - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Public Health Lessons for Non-Vaccine Influenza Interventions - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the world's preparedness for a respiratory virus event. While the world has been combating COVID-19, seasonal and pandemic influenza remain imminent global health threats. Non-vaccine public health control measures can combat emerging and ongoing influenza outbreaks by mitigating viral spread. Public Health Lessons for Non-Vaccine Influenza Interventions examines provides conclusions and recommendations from an expert committee on how to leverage the knowledge gained from the COVID-19 pandemic to optimize the use of public health interventions other than vaccines to decrease the toll of future seasonal and potentially pandemic influenza. It considers the effectiveness of public health efforts such as use of masks and indoor spacing, use of treatments such as monoclonal antibodies, and public health communication campaigns. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Surveillance3 Effectiveness of Non-Vaccine Control Measures4 Implementation of Non-Vaccine Control Measures5 Therapeutics6 Concluding ThoughtsAppendix A: Committee and Staff BiographiesAppendix B: Public Meeting AgendasAppendix C: Study Approach

DKK 344.00
1

Investing in Interventions That Address Non-Medical, Health-Related Social Needs - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Investing in Interventions That Address Non-Medical, Health-Related Social Needs - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

With U.S. health care costs projected to grow at an average rate of 5.5 percent per year from 2018 to 2027, or 0.8 percentage points faster than the gross domestic product, and reach nearly $6.0 trillion per year by 2027, policy makers and a wide range of stakeholders are searching for plausible actions the nation can take to slow this rise and keep health expenditures from consuming an ever greater portion of U.S. economic output. While health care services are essential to heath, there is growing recognition that social determinants of health are important influences on population health. Supporting this idea are estimates that while health care accounts for some 10 to 20 percent of the determinants of health, socioeconomic factors and factors related to the physical environment are estimated to account for up to 50 percent of the determinants of health. Challenges related to the social determinants of health at the individual level include housing insecurity and poor housing quality, food insecurity, limitations in access to transportation, and lack of social support. These social needs affect access to care and health care utilization as well as health outcomes. Health care systems have begun exploring ways to address non-medical, health-related social needs as a way to reduce health care costs. To explore the potential effect of addressing non-medical health-related social needs on improving population health and reducing health care spending in a value-driven health care delivery system, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine held a full-day public workshop titled Investing in Interventions that Address Non-Medical, Health-Related Social Needs on April 26, 2019, in Washington, DC. The objectives of the workshop were to explore effective practices and the supporting evidence base for addressing the non-medical health-related social needs of individuals, such as housing and food insecurities; review assessments of return on investment (ROI) for payers, healthy systems, and communities; and identify gaps and opportunities for research and steps that could help to further the understanding of the ROI on addressing non-medical health-related social needs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Setting the Stage3 Housing Interventions4 Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity5 Interventions Addressing Multiple Social Needs6 Return on Investment7 Research Gaps8 Reflections on the DayReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 318.00
1

Current Issues in the Assessment of Respiratory Protective Devices for Occupational and Non-Occupational Uses - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

Current Issues in the Assessment of Respiratory Protective Devices for Occupational and Non-Occupational Uses - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

To address approaches to the respirator approval process in the current landscape for both occupational and non-occupational use of respirators, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Standing Committee on Personal Protective Equipment for Workplace Safety and Health convened a virtual workshop, Current Issues in the Assessment of Respiratory Protective Devices: Nontraditional Workers and Public Use on August 4-5, 2020. Additionally, the workshop considered gaps in respiratory protection for outdoor workers and the general public. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Lessons Learned from 100 Years of Respiratory Protection3 Respiratory Risks and User Requirements for Nontraditional Workers4 Respiratory Risks and User Requirements for the Public5 Assessment Pathways for Respiratory Protective Devices for Occupational Use by Nontraditional Workers6 Assessment Pathways for Respiratory Protective Devices for the Public7 Addressing Research and Communication GapsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers, Moderators, and Staff

DKK 416.00
1

Applying a Health Lens to Decision Making in Non-Health Sectors - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Applying a Health Lens to Decision Making in Non-Health Sectors - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Health is influenced by a wide range of factors, many of which fall outside of the health care delivery sector. These determinants of health include, for example, the characteristics of how people live, work, learn, and play. Decision and policy making in areas such as transportation, housing, and education at different levels of government, and in the private sector, can have far-reaching impacts on health. Throughout the United States there has been increasing dialogue on incorporating a health perspective into policies, programs, and projects outside the health field. Applying a Health Lens to Decision Making in Non-Health Sectors is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement to foster cross-sectoral dialogue and consider the opportunities for and barriers to improving the conditions for health in the course of achieving other societal objectives (e.g., economic development, efficient public transit). The roundtable engaged members, outside experts, and stakeholders on three core issues: supporting fruitful interaction between primary care and public health; strengthening governmental public health; and exploring community action in transforming the conditions that influence the public's health. This report is a discussion of health in all policies approaches to promote consideration for potential health effects in policy making in many relevant domains, such as education, transportation, and housing. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 How Social Policies Shape Health3 Highlights from the Work of Federal Agencies4 Highlights from the Work of State and Local Governments5 Working Across Sectors to Improve Health6 Closing RemarksAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: Biosketches of Speakers and Planning Committee Members

DKK 266.00
1

Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species and Biodiversity - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research

Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species and Biodiversity - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research

Research to advance understanding of the ecology and biology of wildlife species is more important than ever as the world confronts issues ranging from biodiversity loss to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. However, the current understanding of animal welfare in research and education has been based on laboratory work with specific domesticated species. Wildlife research represents a starkly different context and with different implications for animal welfare. Wild species that are the subject of research have extremely diverse physiologies and behaviors and live in diverse habitats. This makes it challenging and sometimes impossible for wildlife researchers to follow the recommendations outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 2011) and other guidelines developed for a laboratory-based, biomedically focused research context. To explore issues associated with the unique welfare considerations of wildlife research, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (under the auspices of the Roundtable on Science and Animal Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use), hosted a workshop titled Discussing and Understanding Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species, and Biodiversity on February 9-10, 2022. The event, held virtually, included pre-recorded presentations and overarching discussions to explore this topic in breadth and depth. More than 1,800 participants from academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations joined the webcast. This proceedings summarizes key topics covered in the workshop presentations and discussions based on transcripts, recordings, and slides from the event. Table of ContentsFront MatterIntroductionWorkshop Opening RemarksSession One: Perspectives on Animal Welfare Considerations Between Laboratory Animal and Free-Ranging Fish and Wildlife Field ResearchSession Two (Part 1): Review of the Laws, Regulations, and Permits Associated with Fish and WildlifeSession Two (Part 2): Case Studies and ExamplesSession Three: Wild Animal Population ConcernsDay One Synthesis SessionSession Four: Restraint and Handling of Animals in the Field to Include the Use of Compounds for Capture and HandlingSession Five: Role of Veterinary Medicine in Wildlife ResearchSession Six: Pain and Distress, Euthanasia, Humane Killing, and Lethal TakeSession Seven: Transition of Wild Animals to Captive Settings and Housing ChallengesSession Eight: Available Take-Home ResourcesDay Two Synthesis SessionReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Workshop Speaker BiosketchesAppendix D: Workshop Planning Committee BiosketchesAppendix E: Workshop Synthesis Session Moderator Biosketches

DKK 208.00
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Applications of Biotechnology in Traditional Fermented Foods - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Applications of Biotechnology in Traditional Fermented Foods - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In developing countries, traditional fermentation serves many purposes. It can improve the taste of an otherwise bland food, enhance the digestibility of a food that is difficult to assimilate, preserve food from degradation by noxious organisms, and increase nutritional value through the synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins. Although "fermented food" has a vaguely distasteful ring, bread, wine, cheese, and yogurt are all familiar fermented foods. Less familiar are gari, ogi, idli, ugba, and other relatively unstudied but important foods in some African and Asian countries. This book reports on current research to improve the safety and nutrition of these foods through an elucidation of the microorganisms and mechanisms involved in their production. Also included are recommendations for needed research.

DKK 370.00
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Decision Making for the Environment - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Decision Making for the Environment - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Recommends research efforts involving the non-economic social and behavioural sciences that could contribute to improved decisions affecting environmental quality. This book offers a strategy for making environmental research more decision relevant, and recommends decision science research to improve analytical tools and deliberative processes.

DKK 377.00
1

Improving Disaster Management - Committee On Using Information Technology To Enhance Disaster Management - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Improving Disaster Management - Committee On Using Information Technology To Enhance Disaster Management - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Characterizes disaster management providing a framework for considering the range and nature of information and communication needs. This book presents a vision of the potential for IT to improve disaster management. It provides an analysis of structural, organizational, and other non-technical barriers to the acquisition of IT in disaster.

DKK 292.00
1

Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Mississippi River Water Quality and the Clean Water Act - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Clean Water Act has reduced much pollution in the Mississippi River from 'point sources', but other 'non-point sources' have proven more difficult to address. This book concludes that too little coordination among the 10 states along the river has left the Mississippi River an orphan from a water quality monitoring and assessment perspective.

DKK 344.00
1

Identifying and Managing Veteran Suicide Risk - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Identifying and Managing Veteran Suicide Risk - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On May 23, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences hosted a workshop titled Current Practices and Challenges for Identifying and Managing Suicide Risk Among Veterans in Non-Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare Systems to explore the landscape of veteran health care and suicide risk; consider strategies to identify veterans who receive their health care outside of the VHA; and identify best practices for suicide risk identification and care for VA-purchased care in community and at non-VA entities. This proceedings presents a summary of the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Suicide Risk Among Veterans3 The Policy Context for Veteran Health Care4 The Landscape of Veteran Health Care and Suicide Risk5 Best Practices, Gaps, and Challenges for Identifying and Managing Suicide Risk Across Veteran Populations6 Reflections on Workshop Themes and Paths ForwardAppendix A: Public Meeting AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches

DKK 195.00
1

An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National

An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National

During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.

DKK 292.00
1

Advancing Therapeutic Development for Pain and Opioid Use Disorders Through Public-Private Partnerships - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

Advancing Therapeutic Development for Pain and Opioid Use Disorders Through Public-Private Partnerships - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent, costly, and disabling health conditions in the United States. Estimates show that more than 11 percent of the American population suffer from chronic pain, yet the federal pain research investment has been minimal. In parallel with a gradual increased recognition of the problems of treating chronic pain, the opioid epidemic has emerged as a growing public health emergency. The intersection of these two crises lies in the fact that an unintended consequence of treating pain has been an increasing number of opioid prescriptions and diversion of drugs for illicit purposes. In May 2017, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse announced a public–private partnership to develop solutions to the opioid crisis and cut in half the time it takes to develop non-addictive analgesics. To advance the planning of NIH's anticipated public–private partnerships, the National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous Systems Disorders hosted a public workshop that brought together a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, federal agencies, advocacy organizations and companies developing therapeutics for pain and opioid use disorders. Participants discussed potential strategies to accelerate development of non-addictive pain medications and treatments for opioid use disorders. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Background2 Exploring Challenges to Developing Treatments for Pain and Opioid Use Disorders3 Exploring the State of the Science and Preclinical Models for Pain Therapeutic Development4 Clinical Development of Non-Addictive Pain Medications5 Therapeutic Development for Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose Prevention and Reversal6 Public–Private Partnerships to Advance Pain and Opioid Use Disorders Research and DevelopmentAppendix A ReferencesAppendix B Workshop AgendaAppendix C Registered Attendees

DKK 292.00
1

Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Research Programs - Committee For The Review Of Niosh Research Programs - Bog - National Academies Press -

Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Research Programs - Committee For The Review Of Niosh Research Programs - Bog - National Academies Press -

Each year, approximately 5,000 fatal work-related injuries and 4 million non-fatal injuries and illnesses occur in the United States. This number represents both unnecessary human suffering and high economic costs. In order to assist in better evaluating workplace safety and create safer work environments, the Institute of Medicine conducted a series of evaluations of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research programs, assessing the relevance and impact of NIOSH's work on improving worker safety and health. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Program Evaluation Context3 Evaluation Framework4 Improving the Evaluation Process5 Recommendations for Moving ForwardAppendix A: Meeting Agendas: Open SessionsAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

DKK 292.00
1

Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 510(k) Clearance Process - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that medical devices are safe and effective before they go on the market. Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires a manufacturer of medical devices to notify FDA of its intent to market a medical device at least 90 days in advance. That window of time allows FDA to evaluate whether the device is substantially equivalent to a product already legally on the market (called a predicate), in which case the device does not need to go through the premarket approval (PMA) process. As part of its assessment of the FDA's premarket clearance process for medical devices, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop on July 28, 2010 to discuss how medical devices are monitored for safety after they are available to consumers. Its primary focus was on monitoring the safety of marketed medical devices, including FDA's postmarket surveillance activities, analysis of safety concerns that resulted in medical device recalls, and non-FDA sources of adverse-event information. Public Health Effectiveness of the FDA 501(K) Clearance Process summarizes the views of the workshop participants. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Food and Drug Administration Postmarket Surveillance Activities and Recall Studies of Medical Devices3 Non–Food and Drug Administration Sources of Adverse Event Data4 Postmarket Surveillance of Medical Devices: Panel Discussion5 Other Select TopicsAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographic Information on Invited Speakers, Panelists, and Authors of Commissioned PapersAppendix C: 510(k) Premarket Notification Analysis of FDA Recall DataAppendix D: Trustworthy Medical Device Software

DKK 292.00
1

Financing Population Health Improvement - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Financing Population Health Improvement - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Despite spending far more on medical care than any other nation and despite having seen a century of unparalleled improvement in population health and longevity, the United States has fallen behind many of its global counterparts and competitors in such health outcomes as overall life expectancy and rates of preventable diseases and injuries. A fundamental but often overlooked driver of the imbalance between spending and outcomes is the nation\'s inadequate investment in non-clinical strategies that promote health and prevent disease and injury population-wide, strategies that fall under the rubric of "population health." Given that it is unlikely that government funding for governmental public health agencies, whether at the local, state, or federal levels, will see significant and sustained increases, there is interest in finding creative sources of funding for initiatives to improve population health, both through the work of public health agencies and through the contributions of other sectors, including nonhealth entities. Financing Population Health Improvement is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement in February 2014 to explore the range of resources that might be available to provide a secure funding stream for non-clinical actions to enhance health. Presenters and participants discussed the range of potential resources (e.g., financial, human, and community) explored topics related to financial resources. This report discusses return on investment, the value of investing in population-based interventions, and possible sources of funding to improve population health. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Paying for Population Health Improvement: An Overview3 Health Care System Investments in Population Health Improvement4 Community Development and Population Health5 Pay-for-Success Financing and Population Health6 Implications of New and Emerging Sources of Population Health FundingAppendix A--ReferencesAppendix B--Workshop AgendaAppendix C--Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators

DKK 260.00
1

Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense - Committee On An Assessment Of Concepts And Systems For U.s. Boost Phase Missile Defense In Comparison To

Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense - Committee On An Assessment Of Concepts And Systems For U.s. Boost Phase Missile Defense In Comparison To

The Committee on an Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives set forth to provide an assessment of the feasibility, practicality, and affordability of U.S. boost-phase missile defense compared with that of the U.S. non-boost missile defense when countering short-, medium-, and intermediate-range ballistic missile threats from rogue states to deployed forces of the United States and its allies and defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack. To provide a context for this analysis of present and proposed U.S. boost-phase and non-boost missile defense concepts and systems, the committee considered the following to be the missions for ballistic missile defense (BMD): protecting of the U.S. homeland against nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD); or conventional ballistic missile attacks; protection of U.S. forces, including military bases, logistics, command and control facilities, and deployed forces, including military bases, logistics, and command and control facilities. They also considered deployed forces themselves in theaters of operation against ballistic missile attacks armed with WMD or conventional munitions, and protection of U.S. allies, partners, and host nations against ballistic-missile-delivered WMD and conventional weapons. Consistent with U.S. policy and the congressional tasking, the committee conducted its analysis on the basis that it is not a mission of U.S. BMD systems to defend against large-scale deliberate nuclear attacks by Russia or China. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives suggests that great care should be taken by the U.S. in ensuring that negotiations on space agreements not adversely impact missile defense effectiveness. This report also explains in further detail the findings of the committee, makes recommendations, and sets guidelines for the future of ballistic missile defense research.

DKK 383.00
1

Airline Passenger Security Screening - Panel On Passenger Screening - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Airline Passenger Security Screening - Panel On Passenger Screening - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This book addresses new technologies being considered by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for screening airport passengers for concealed weapons and explosives. The FAA is supporting the development of promising new technologies that can reveal the presence not only of metal-based weapons as with current screening technologies, but also detect plastic explosives and other non-metallic threat materials and objects, and is concerned that these new technologies may not be appropriate for use in airports for other than technical reasons. This book presents discussion of the health, legal, and public acceptance issues that are likely to be raised regarding implementation of improvements in the current electromagnetic screening technologies, implementation of screening systems that detect traces of explosive materials on passengers, and implementation of systems that generate images of passengers beneath their clothes for analysis by human screeners.

DKK 279.00
1

Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035 - Board On Energy And Environmental Systems - Bog - National

Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035 - Board On Energy And Environmental Systems - Bog - National

From daily commutes to cross-country road trips, millions of light-duty vehicles are on the road every day. The transportation sector is one of the United States' largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and fuel is an important cost for drivers. The period from 2025-2035 could bring the most fundamental transformation in the 100-plus year history of the automobile. Battery electric vehicle costs are likely to fall and reach parity with internal combustion engine vehicles. New generations of fuel cell vehicles will be produced. Connected and automated vehicle technologies will become more common, including likely deployment of some fully automated vehicles. These new categories of vehicles will for the first time assume a major portion of new vehicle sales, while internal combustion engine vehicles with improved powertrain, design, and aerodynamics will continue to be an important part of new vehicle sales and fuel economy improvement. This study is a technical evaluation of the potential for internal combustion engine, hybrid, battery electric, fuel cell, nonpowertrain, and connected and automated vehicle technologies to contribute to efficiency in 2025-2035. In addition to making findings and recommendations related to technology cost and capabilities, Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy - 2025-2035 considers the impacts of changes in consumer behavior and regulatory regimes. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Fuel Economy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Vehicle Efficiency Background3 2025 Baseline of Vehicles4 Internal Combustion Engine-Based Powertrain Technologies5 Battery Electric Vehicles6 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles7 Non-Powertrain Technologies8 Connected and Automated Vehicles9 Autonomous Vehicles10 Energy and Emissions Impacts of Non-Petroleum Fuels in Light-Duty Vehicle Propulsion11 Consumer Acceptance and Market Response to Standards12 Regulatory Structure and Flexibilities13 Emergent Findings, Recommendations, and Future Policy Scenarios for Continued Reduction in Energy Use and Emissions of Light-Duty VehiclesAppendixesAppendix A: Committee Biographical InformationAppendix B: Disclosure of Conflicts of InterestAppendix C: Committee ActivitiesAppendix D: AcronymsAppendix E: Center for Automotive Research Commissioned Study

DKK 474.00
1

Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

National interests in greater energy independence, concurrent with favorable market forces, have driven increased production of corn-based ethanol in the United States and research into the next generation of biofuels. The trend is changing the national agricultural landscape and has raised concerns about potential impacts on the nation's water resources. To help illuminate these issues, the National Research Council held a colloquium on July 12, 2007 in Washington, DC. Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States, based in part on discussions at the colloquium, concludes that if projected future increases in use of corn for ethanol production do occur, the increase in harm to water quality could be considerable from the increases in fertilizer use, pesticide use, and soil erosion associated with growing crops such as corn. Water supply problems could also develop, both from the water needed to grow biofuels crops and water used at ethanol processing plants, especially in regions where water supplies are already overdrawn. The production of "cellulosic ethanol," derived from fibrous material such as wheat straw, native grasses, and forest trimmings is expected to have less water quality impact but cannot yet be produced on a commerical scale. To move toward a goal of reducing water impacts of biofuels, a policy bridge will likely be needed to encourage growth of new technologies, best agricultural practies, and the development of traditional and cellulosic crops that require less water and fertilizer and are optimized for fuel production.

DKK 273.00
1