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Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Definitions3 Prevalence4 Assessments, Diagnostic Testing, Disease Monitoring, and Prognosis5 Potential Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Food Allergy Risk and Possible Prevention Strategies6 Management in the Health Care Setting7 Management of Packaged Foods8 Managing Food Allergies in Retail, Food Service, Schools, Higher Education, and Travel Settings9 Research Needs10 Final Comments: A Roadmap to SafetyAppendix A: Open Session AgendasAppendix B: Food Allergy Prevalence Literature Search StrategyAppendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search StrategyAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix E: DefinitionsAppendix F: Committee Members Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
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Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Animal and In Vitro Toxicity Testing3 Human Data4 Strategies for Toxicity Testing5 Use of Data in Human Health Risk Assessment6 New Approaches7 Alternative Approaches and Emerging TechnologiesAppendix A: Biographic information on the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents Appendix B: Testing Protocols

DKK 545.00
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Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Space Radiation Environment and Its Effect on Electronics3 Current State of Single-Event Effects Hardness Assurance and Infrastructure4 Future Infrastructure Needs5 A Path Toward the FutureAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Single-Event Effects Testing Facilities in the United StatesAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: Sources for Further ReadingAppendix E: Committee and Staff BiographiesAppendix F: Speakers Before the Committee

DKK 422.00
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Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National Academies Press -

Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National Academies Press -

Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Vision3 Components of the Vision4 Tools and Technologies5 Developing the Science Base and Assays to Implement the Vision6 Prerequisites for Implementing theVision in Regulatory ContextsAppendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents

DKK 318.00
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Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity was created under the auspices of the National Research Council (NRC), and specifically under the oversight of the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA). The committee's charge is to explore the challenges that face U.S. schools as they work to achieve the related goals of academic excellence and equity for all students. This report provides not only the summary of a workshop held by the forum on the testing of English-language learners (students learning English as an additional language) in U.S. schools, but also a report on the committee's conclusions derived from that workshop and from subsequent deliberations.

DKK 305.00
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Testing of Body Armor Materials - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Testing of Body Armor Materials - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) released the report Warfighter Support: Independent Expert Assessment of Army Body Armor Test Results and Procedures Needed Before Fielding, which commented on the conduct of the test procedures governing acceptance of body armor vest-plate inserts worn by military service members. This GAO report, as well as other observations, led the Department of Defense Director, Operational Test & Evaluation, to request that the National Research Council (NRC) Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences conduct a three-phase study to investigate issues related to the testing of body armor materials for use by the U.S. Army and other military departments. Phase I and II resulted in two NRC letter reports: one in 2009 and one in 2010. This report is Phase III in the study. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III provides a roadmap to reduce the variability of clay processes and shows how to migrate from clay to future solutions, as well as considers the use of statistics to permit a more scientific determination of sample sizes to be used in body armor testing. This report also develops ideas for revising or replacing the Prather study methodology, as well as reviews comments on methodologies and technical approaches to military helmet testing. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III also considers the possibility of combining various national body armor testing standards.

DKK 396.00
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An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways to incorporate them into medical practice, and how to weigh their cost against potential short- and long-term benefits. As the availability of genetic tests increases so do concerns about the achievement of meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes, costs of testing, and the potential for accentuating medical care inequality. Given the rapid pace in the development of genetic tests and new testing technologies, An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing seeks to advance the development of an adequate evidence base for genetic tests to improve patient care and treatment. Additionally, this report recommends a framework for decision-making regarding the use of genetic tests in clinical care. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Genetic Testing3 Genetic Test Assessment4 Evidence5 An Evidence Framework for Genetic TestiAppendix A: Understanding Genetic Variance and Phenotype ExpressionAppendix B: The GETT ChecklistAppendix C: Using Evidence to Inform Clinical and Policy DecisionsReferencesGlossary

DKK 312.00
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Industrial Methods for the Effective Development and Testing of Defense Systems - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog - National Academies

Industrial Methods for the Effective Development and Testing of Defense Systems - Board On Army Science And Technology - Bog - National Academies

During the past decade and a half, the National Research Council, through its Committee on National Statistics, has carried out a number of studies on the application of statistical methods to improve the testing and development of defense systems. These studies were intended to provide advice to the Department of Defense (DOD), which sponsored these studies. The previous studies have been concerned with the role of statistical methods in testing and evaluation, reliability practices, software methods, combining information, and evolutionary acquisition. Industrial Methods for the Effective Testing and Development of Defense Systems is the latest in a series of studies, and unlike earlier studies, this report identifies current engineering practices that have proved successful in industrial applications for system development and testing. This report explores how developmental and operational testing, modeling and simulation, and related techniques can improve the development and performance of defense systems, particularly techniques that have been shown to be effective in industrial applications and are likely to be useful in defense system development. In addition to the broad issues, the report identifies three specific topics for its focus: finding failure modes earlier, technology maturity, and use of all relevant information for operational assessments.

DKK 240.00
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Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration - Geographical Sciences Committee - Bog - National Academies Press -

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration - Geographical Sciences Committee - Bog - National Academies Press -

Natural disasters—including hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods—caused more than 220,000 deaths worldwide in the first half of 2010 and wreaked havoc on homes, buildings, and the environment. To withstand and recover from natural and human-caused disasters, it is essential that citizens and communities work together to anticipate threats, limit their effects, and rapidly restore functionality after a crisis. Increasing evidence indicates that collaboration between the private and public sectors could improve the ability of a community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. Several previous National Research Council reports have identified specific examples of the private and public sectors working cooperatively to reduce the effects of a disaster by implementing building codes, retrofitting buildings, improving community education, or issuing extreme-weather warnings. State and federal governments have acknowledged the importance of collaboration between private and public organizations to develop planning for disaster preparedness and response. Despite growing ad hoc experience across the country, there is currently no comprehensive framework to guide private-public collaboration focused on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Building Community Disaster Resilience through Private-Public Collaboration assesses the current state of private-public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community resilience, identifies gaps in knowledge and practice, and recommends research that could be targeted for investment. Specifically, the book finds that local-level private-public collaboration is essential to the development of community resilience. Sustainable and effective resilience-focused private-public collaboration is dependent on several basic principles that increase communication among all sectors of the community, incorporate flexibility into collaborative networks, and encourage regular reassessment of collaborative missions, goals, and practices. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 A Conceptual Framework for Resilience-Focused Private–Public Collaborative Networks3 Guidelines forCommunity-Based Private–Public Collaboration4 Challenges to Sustainable Resilience-Focused Collaboration5 Research OpportunitiesAppendixesAppendix A: Committee BiographiesAppendix B: Committee Meeting Agendas

DKK 305.00
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Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems had a broad mandate—to examine the use of statistics in conjunction with defense testing. This involved examining methods for software testing, reliability test planning and estimation, validation of modeling and simulation, and use of modem techniques for experimental design. Given the breadth of these areas, including the great variety of applications and special issues that arise, making a contribution in each of these areas required that the Panel's work and recommendations be at a relatively general level. However, a variety of more specific research issues were either brought to the Panel's attention by members of the test and acquisition community, e.g., what was referred to as Dubin's challenge (addressed in the Panel's interim report), or were identified by members of the panel. In many of these cases the panel thought that a more in-depth analysis or a more detailed application of suggestions or recommendations made by the Panel would either be useful as input to its deliberations or could be used to help communicate more individual views of members of the Panel to the defense test community. This resulted in several research efforts. Given various criteria, especially immediate relevance to the test and acquisition community, the Panel has decided to make available three technical or background papers, each authored by a Panel member jointly with a colleague. These papers are individual contributions and are not a consensus product of the Panel; however, the Panel has drawn from these papers in preparation of its final report: Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition. The Panel has found each of these papers to be extremely useful and they are strongly recommended to readers of the Panel's final report. Table of ContentsFront MatterStrategic Information Generation and Transmission: The Evolution of Institutions in DoD Operational TestingOn the Performance of Weibull Life Tests Based on Exponential Life Testing DesignsApplication of Statistical Science to Testing and Evaluating Software Intensive Systems

DKK 351.00
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Evaluating Testing, Costs, and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Evaluating Testing, Costs, and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This letter is the abbreviated version of an update of the interim report on testing, evaluation, costs, and benefits of advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs), issued by the National Academies' Committee on Advanced Spectroscopic Portals in June 2009 (NRC 2009). This letter incorporates findings of the committee since that report was written, and it sharpens and clarifies the messages of the interim report based on subsequent committee investigations of more recent work by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO). The key messages in this letter, which is the final report from the committee, are stated briefly in the synopsis on the next page and described more fully in the sections that follow. The committee provides the context for this letter, and then gives advice on: testing, evaluation, assessing costs and benefits, and deployment of advanced spectroscopic portals. The letter closes with a reiteration of the key points. The letter is abbreviated in that a small amount of information that may not be released publicly for security or law-enforcement reasons has been redacted from the version delivered to you in October 2010, but the findings and recommendations remain intact. Table of ContentsFront MatterLetter ReportReferencesAttachment 1 The Joint Explanatory Statement and the Statement of TaskAttachment 2 Evaluating Testing, Costs, and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals for Screening Cargo at Ports of Entry INTERIM REPORTAttachment 3 Committee on Advanced Spectroscopic Portals Roster and Brief BiographiesAttachment 4 Nuclear and Radiation Studies BoardAttachment 5 Reviewers

DKK 72.00
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Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted at the United Nations Development Summit to serve as a 15-year plan of action for all countries and people. The SDGs include 17 specific goals, and 169 associated targets that set out quantitative objectives across the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, all to be achieved by 2030. Health has been recognized as crucial for sustainable human development and an essential contributor to the economic growth of society. Beyond the goal to "ensure healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages," many of the other SDGs include targets that are essential to address the environmental and social determinants of health. Considering this context, the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop series to examine potential opportunities to engage the private sector and develop partnerships to advance health and the SDGs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop series. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Health and Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals3 Public-Sector Strategies and Plans for Sustainable Development4 Potential Strategies and Approaches for Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals5 The Enabling Environment for Effective Partnerships in Global Health and the Sustainable Development Goals6 Several Lessons from Developing and Implementing Health-Focused PartnershipsAppendix A: Public–Private Partnerships for the Sustainable Development GoalsAppendix B: Part I Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Part II Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 370.00
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Health-Focused Public–Private Partnerships in the Urban Context - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Health-Focused Public–Private Partnerships in the Urban Context - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

To draw attention to health determinants and health inequities among populations that live in urban environments and to explore challenges faced in establishing urban population health, the Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety hosted a 1.5-day workshop on the role of health-focused public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the urban context. The workshop, held June 13-14, 2019, in Washington, DC, aimed to illuminate some of the intervention strategies that have been designed to attenuate these urban health issues and highlighted the importance of PPPs and urban-level governance in remediation efforts. By facilitating discussion among participants in both the public and private sectors, as well as among policy makers, the workshop served as a platform to share best practices on how to address health challenges through interventions that target healthier urban populations. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Cities and Planetary Health: Why Urban Issues Matter3 Evidence and Challenges for Urban Health Initiatives in International Development4 Identifying and Addressing Health Inequities in Urban Settings5 Effect of Food, Agriculture, and Transportation Systems on Urban Population Health6 How Digital Technology and Artificial Intelligence Can Help Improve Urban Health7 Political Leadership and Governance of Public–Private Partnerships for Urban HealthReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers

DKK 370.00
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Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination - Board On The Health Of Select Populations - Bog - National Academies Press -

Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination - Board On The Health Of Select Populations - Bog - National Academies Press -

The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Disability Evaluation and the Use of Psychological Tests3 Overview of Psychological Testing4 Self-Report Measures and Symptom Validity Tests5 Cognitive Tests and Performance Validity Tests6 Economic Considerations7 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendix A: Public Workshop AgendasAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix C: Glossary

DKK 370.00
1

The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Systems Strengthening - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Systems Strengthening - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past several decades, the public and private sectors made significant investments in global health, leading to meaningful changes for many of the world's poor. These investments and the resulting progress are often concentrated in vertical health programs, such as child and maternal health, malaria, and HIV, where donors may have a strategic interest. Frequently, partnerships between donors and other stakeholders can coalesce on a specific topical area of expertise and interest. However, to sustain these successes and continue progress, there is a growing recognition of the need to strengthen health systems more broadly and build functional administrative and technical infrastructure that can support health services for all, improve the health of populations, increase the purchasing and earning power of consumers and workers, and advance global security. In June 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in health systems strengthening. Participants examined a range of incentives, innovations, and opportunities for relevant sectors and stakeholders in strengthening health systems through partnerships; to explore lessons learned from pervious and ongoing efforts with the goal of illuminating how to improve performance and outcomes going forward; and to discuss measuring the value and outcomes of investments and documenting success in partnerships focused on health systems strengthening. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Setting the Context3 Multistakeholder Perspectives on Public–Private Partnerships for Health Systems Strengthening4 Promising Innovations and Models5 Lessons from Partnership Experiences6 Measuring Performance and Progress in Public–Private Partnerships for Health Systems Strengthening7 Sustaining and Increasing Long-Term Investments in Health SystemsReferencesAppendix A: A Review of Public–Private Partnership Activities in Health System StrengtheningAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 292.00
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The Private Sector as a Catalyst for Health Equity and a Vibrant Economy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Private Sector as a Catalyst for Health Equity and a Vibrant Economy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

A critical component of the nation's economic vitality is ensuring that all Americans can contribute and prosper. Such contributions presuppose an intentional focus on achieving the highest levels of health possible, which requires that conditions in communities, schools workplaces, and other settings promote health and address the social determinants of health for all community members. Many organizations, in both the private and public sectors, have been establishing partnerships to further healthy workplaces and health equity in general. Many are taking the lead in producing economic growth that is inclusive and responsive to the nation's diverse needs and populations. Increasingly, private–public partnerships are emerging as ways of doing business. Additionally, a variety of new developments in health, health care, and community benefits obligations that are part of the Affordable Care Act have contributed to this interest in economic growth and health and in the creation of new partnerships. To examine past successes and future opportunities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in November 2015. The workshop focused on the potential of the private sector to produce a triple bottom line: economic opportunity (including workforce development) and growth, healthy work and community environments, and improved employee health. At the same time, participants looked beyond the private sector to public–private partnerships and to public-sector actions that combine opportunities for economic growth and good health for all. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Organization of the Workshop2 Paying Attention to Disparities3 Workforce Development Initiatives in the Chicago Area4 Health Care Opportunities5 Community-Based Initiatives6 Major Topics of the WorkshopAppendix A: World Caf ModelsAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographical SketchesAppendix D: Statement of Task

DKK 292.00
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Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Today, scores of companies, primarily in the United States and Europe, are offering whole genome scanning services directly to the public. The proliferation of these companies and the services they offer demonstrate a public appetite for this information and where the future of genetics may be headed; they also demonstrate the need for serious discussion about the regulatory environment, patient privacy, and other policy implications of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. Rapid advances in genetic research already have begun to transform clinical practice and our understanding of disease progression. Existing research has revealed a genetic basis or component for numerous diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, and several forms of cancer. The availability of the human genome sequence and the HapMap, plummeting costs of high-throughput screening, and increasingly sophisticated computational analyses have led to an explosion of discoveries of linkages between patterns of genetic variation and disease susceptibility. While this research is by no means a straight path toward better public health, improved knowledge of the genetic linkages has the potential to change fundamentally the way health professionals and public health practitioners approach the prevention and treatment of disease. Realizing this potential will require greater sophistication in the interpretation of genetic tests, new training for physicians and other diagnosticians, and new approaches to communicating findings to the public. As this rapidly growing field matures, all of these questions require attention from a variety of perspectives. To discuss some of the foregoing issues, several units of the National Academies held a workshop on August 31 and September 1, 2009, to bring together a still-developing community of professionals from a variety of relevant disciplines, to educate the public and policy-makers about this emerging field, and to identify issues for future study. The meeting featured several invited presentations and discussions on the many technical, legal, policy, and ethical questions that such DTC testing raises, including: (1) overview of the current state of knowledge and the future research trajectory; (2) shared genes and emerging issues in privacy; (3) the regulatory framework; and (4) education of the public and the medical community.

DKK 266.00
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Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security - Health And

Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security - Health And

Disasters tend to cross political, jurisdictional, functional, and geographic boundaries. As a result, disasters often require responses from multiple levels of government and multiple organizations in the public and private sectors. This means that public and private organizations that normally operate independently must work together to mount an effective disaster response. To identify and understand approaches to aligning health care system incentives with the American public's need for a health care system that is prepared to manage acutely ill and injured patients during a disaster, public health emergency, or other mass casualty event, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 2-day public workshop on March 20 and 21, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Perspectives on the Nation's Capacity to Respond to Threats to Health, Safety, and Security3 Learning from Experience4 ASPR's New Vision for a Regional Health Response System5 Looking to the Future6 Exploring Opportunities to Improve Private-Sector Investment in Capacity Building7 Final ThoughtsReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Statement of TaskAppendix C: Speaker Biographies

DKK 318.00
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