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Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Definitions3 Prevalence4 Assessments, Diagnostic Testing, Disease Monitoring, and Prognosis5 Potential Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Food Allergy Risk and Possible Prevention Strategies6 Management in the Health Care Setting7 Management of Packaged Foods8 Managing Food Allergies in Retail, Food Service, Schools, Higher Education, and Travel Settings9 Research Needs10 Final Comments: A Roadmap to SafetyAppendix A: Open Session AgendasAppendix B: Food Allergy Prevalence Literature Search StrategyAppendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search StrategyAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix E: DefinitionsAppendix F: Committee Members Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
3

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Animal and In Vitro Toxicity Testing3 Human Data4 Strategies for Toxicity Testing5 Use of Data in Human Health Risk Assessment6 New Approaches7 Alternative Approaches and Emerging TechnologiesAppendix A: Biographic information on the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents Appendix B: Testing Protocols

DKK 545.00
1

Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems had a broad mandate—to examine the use of statistics in conjunction with defense testing. This involved examining methods for software testing, reliability test planning and estimation, validation of modeling and simulation, and use of modem techniques for experimental design. Given the breadth of these areas, including the great variety of applications and special issues that arise, making a contribution in each of these areas required that the Panel's work and recommendations be at a relatively general level. However, a variety of more specific research issues were either brought to the Panel's attention by members of the test and acquisition community, e.g., what was referred to as Dubin's challenge (addressed in the Panel's interim report), or were identified by members of the panel. In many of these cases the panel thought that a more in-depth analysis or a more detailed application of suggestions or recommendations made by the Panel would either be useful as input to its deliberations or could be used to help communicate more individual views of members of the Panel to the defense test community. This resulted in several research efforts. Given various criteria, especially immediate relevance to the test and acquisition community, the Panel has decided to make available three technical or background papers, each authored by a Panel member jointly with a colleague. These papers are individual contributions and are not a consensus product of the Panel; however, the Panel has drawn from these papers in preparation of its final report: Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition. The Panel has found each of these papers to be extremely useful and they are strongly recommended to readers of the Panel's final report. Table of ContentsFront MatterStrategic Information Generation and Transmission: The Evolution of Institutions in DoD Operational TestingOn the Performance of Weibull Life Tests Based on Exponential Life Testing DesignsApplication of Statistical Science to Testing and Evaluating Software Intensive Systems

DKK 351.00
3

Enhancing Food Safety - Committee On The Review Of The Food And Drug Administration's Role In Ensuring Safe Food - Bog - National Academies Press -

Enhancing Food Safety - Committee On The Review Of The Food And Drug Administration's Role In Ensuring Safe Food - Bog - National Academies Press -

Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryPart I: Setting the Stage for Understanding and Improving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Role in the Food Safety System1 Introduction2 The Food Safety System: Context and Current StatusPart II: Toward a Stronger and More Effective Food Safety System3 Adopting a Risk-Based Decision-Making Approach to Food Safety4 Sharing the Responsibility for a Risk-Based System: Models of Governance and OversightPart III: Implementation of the New Food Safety System5 Creating an Integrated Information Infrastructure for a Risk-Based Food Safety System6 Creating a Research Infrastructure for a Risk-Based Food Safety System7 Integrating Federal, State, and Local Government Food Safety Programs8 Enhancing the Efficiency of Inspections9 Improving Food Safety and Risk Communication10 Modernizing Legislation to Enhance the U.S. Food Safety System11 Achieving the Vision of an Efficient Risk-Based Food Safety SystemAppendix A: Workshop AgendasAppendix B: Past Recommendations About the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Food Safety ProgramAppendix C: Food Safety Systems in the United States and Other CountriesAppendix D: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Food Defense ProgramAppendix E: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Imported Food SafetyAppendix F: Food Safety Research at Intramural and Extramural U.S. Food and Drug Administration Research Centers, by TopicAppendix G: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Protection PlanAppendix H: GlossaryAppendix I: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
3

Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Space Radiation Environment and Its Effect on Electronics3 Current State of Single-Event Effects Hardness Assurance and Infrastructure4 Future Infrastructure Needs5 A Path Toward the FutureAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Single-Event Effects Testing Facilities in the United StatesAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: Sources for Further ReadingAppendix E: Committee and Staff BiographiesAppendix F: Speakers Before the Committee

DKK 422.00
1

Nanotechnology in Food Products - Food And Nutrition Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Nanotechnology in Food Products - Food And Nutrition Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In the food industry, scientists are exploring the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the flavor and other sensory characteristics of foods, introduce antibacterial nanostructures into food packaging and encapsulate and deliver nutrients directly into targeted tissues, among other applications. However, as with any new technology, along with the benefits, there is the potential for unanticipated adverse effects. There is still a great deal to learn about any health outcomes related to introducing nanosized materials into foods and food packaging materials. Developing nanotechnology into a safe, effective tool for use in food science and technology will require addressing these and other questions. Assuring consumer confidence will be equally important to the success of this new emerging technology. The Institute of Medicine held a one-day workshop, summarized in this volume, to further explore the use of nanotechnology in food. Specifically, the workshop was organized around three primary topic areas: (1) the application of nanotechnology to food products; (2) the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials in food products; and (3) educating and informing consumers about the applications of nanotechnology to food products. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Introduction2 Application of Nanotechnology to Food Products3 Safety and Efficacy of Nanomaterials in Food Products4 Educating and Informing Consumers About Applications of Nanotechnology to Food ProductsAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix C: Speaker BiographiesAppendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 363.00
1

Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Legal regulations and manufacturers' monitoring practices have not been enough to prevent contamination of the national food supply and protect consumers from serious harm. In addressing food safety risks, regulators could perhaps better ensure the quality and safety of food by monitoring food production not just at a single point in production but all along the way, from farm to table. Recognizing the troubled state of food safety, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Food Forum met in Washington, DC, on September 9, 2008, to explore the management of food safety practices from the beginning of the supply chain to the marketplace. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Introduction2 Recent Outbreaks in Food Products: Lessons Learned from Past Experience3 The Complexities of Food Safety and Some Strategic Approaches Being Taken4 The Way Forward: Varying PerspectivesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix C: Speaker, Moderator, and Disscussant BiographiesAppendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 412.00
1

Building a More Sustainable, Resilient, Equitable, and Nourishing Food System - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Building a More Sustainable, Resilient, Equitable, and Nourishing Food System - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Food Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop on July 22-23, 2020 that explored integration of the health, societal, economic, and environmental effects and future needs of the food system. The main objective of the workshop was to understand how to achieve a more sustainable, resilient, equitable, and nourishing food system. The workshop covered a number of topics, including new expectations for the food system within three dimensions of the food system (vulnerabilities, resiliency, and transformation). Discussions also covered global change, access to nutritious food, resiliency in complex dynamic systems and resiliency for the future, and consumption- and production-oriented strategies for transforming the food system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 New Expectations for the Food System3 Vulnerabilities of the Food System4 Resilience of the Food System5 Transformation of the Food SystemReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix C: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators

DKK 344.00
3