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Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Definitions3 Prevalence4 Assessments, Diagnostic Testing, Disease Monitoring, and Prognosis5 Potential Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Food Allergy Risk and Possible Prevention Strategies6 Management in the Health Care Setting7 Management of Packaged Foods8 Managing Food Allergies in Retail, Food Service, Schools, Higher Education, and Travel Settings9 Research Needs10 Final Comments: A Roadmap to SafetyAppendix A: Open Session AgendasAppendix B: Food Allergy Prevalence Literature Search StrategyAppendix C: Risk Determinants Literature Search StrategyAppendix D: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix E: DefinitionsAppendix F: Committee Members Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
3

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents - Committee On Toxicity Testing And Assessment Of Environmental Agents - Bog - National

Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Animal and In Vitro Toxicity Testing3 Human Data4 Strategies for Toxicity Testing5 Use of Data in Human Health Risk Assessment6 New Approaches7 Alternative Approaches and Emerging TechnologiesAppendix A: Biographic information on the Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents Appendix B: Testing Protocols

DKK 545.00
1

Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems had a broad mandate—to examine the use of statistics in conjunction with defense testing. This involved examining methods for software testing, reliability test planning and estimation, validation of modeling and simulation, and use of modem techniques for experimental design. Given the breadth of these areas, including the great variety of applications and special issues that arise, making a contribution in each of these areas required that the Panel's work and recommendations be at a relatively general level. However, a variety of more specific research issues were either brought to the Panel's attention by members of the test and acquisition community, e.g., what was referred to as Dubin's challenge (addressed in the Panel's interim report), or were identified by members of the panel. In many of these cases the panel thought that a more in-depth analysis or a more detailed application of suggestions or recommendations made by the Panel would either be useful as input to its deliberations or could be used to help communicate more individual views of members of the Panel to the defense test community. This resulted in several research efforts. Given various criteria, especially immediate relevance to the test and acquisition community, the Panel has decided to make available three technical or background papers, each authored by a Panel member jointly with a colleague. These papers are individual contributions and are not a consensus product of the Panel; however, the Panel has drawn from these papers in preparation of its final report: Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition. The Panel has found each of these papers to be extremely useful and they are strongly recommended to readers of the Panel's final report. Table of ContentsFront MatterStrategic Information Generation and Transmission: The Evolution of Institutions in DoD Operational TestingOn the Performance of Weibull Life Tests Based on Exponential Life Testing DesignsApplication of Statistical Science to Testing and Evaluating Software Intensive Systems

DKK 351.00
3

Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Testing at the Speed of Light - Committee On Space Radiation Effects Testing Infrastructure For The U.s. Space Program - Bog - National Academies

Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Space Radiation Environment and Its Effect on Electronics3 Current State of Single-Event Effects Hardness Assurance and Infrastructure4 Future Infrastructure Needs5 A Path Toward the FutureAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Single-Event Effects Testing Facilities in the United StatesAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: Sources for Further ReadingAppendix E: Committee and Staff BiographiesAppendix F: Speakers Before the Committee

DKK 422.00
1

Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity was created under the auspices of the National Research Council (NRC), and specifically under the oversight of the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA). The committee's charge is to explore the challenges that face U.S. schools as they work to achieve the related goals of academic excellence and equity for all students. This report provides not only the summary of a workshop held by the forum on the testing of English-language learners (students learning English as an additional language) in U.S. schools, but also a report on the committee's conclusions derived from that workshop and from subsequent deliberations.

DKK 305.00
3

Scanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Scanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Human milk is considered the biologic norm for feeding the human infant during the first 6 months of life, and it is a preferred food from 6 to 12 months. It is a complex food and exerts its biologic effects well beyond its known nutritional value; however, human milk composition and the complexity of its composition is not wholly known or understood. Thus, defining the composition of milk, as well as both the individual and combined effects of milk components and the volume consumed on infant growth and development, is central to optimizing infant health. Furthermore, defining human milk composition, volume, and the myriad factors that influence milk components is needed for developing future Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standards for nutrient intakes during the first 12 months of life. Scanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk examines the new and emerging evidence describing the nutrient content of human milk as well as the volume of milk consumed, both of which are needed to understand nutrient consumption by healthy breastfed infants. An evidence scan approach was used to summarize the status of the published literature on the nutrient content of human milk and to identify new evidence on nutrients in human milk that could inform the need for a systematic review as a component of the DRI process. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Methodological Approach to Evidence Scanning3 Results4 Discussion and Future DirectionsAppendix A: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix B: Open Session AgendaAppendix C: Literature Search ResultsAppendix D: Revised Search CriteriaAppendix E: Data Abstraction SpreadsheetAppendix F: Committee Member Biographies

DKK 344.00
3