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Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Small firms - including ''microenterprises'' and ''small and medium enterprises'' (SMEs) - play a vital economic role in developing countries. They typically provide half of all jobs. In addition, they foster entrepreneurship and help key sectors adapt to changing market conditions. In light of these benefits, programs promoting small firms have become a cornerstone of economic development policy. Increasingly, however, scholars and policymakers are also exploring the link between small firms and the environment. The first compendium of research and policy analysis on this topic, this book is organized around three questions: How important is small firm pollution? Will forcing small firms to comply with environmental regulations exacerbate unemployment and poverty? And what policy options are available to control small firm pollution? Eleven case studies from China, Ecuador, Honduras, India, Malaysia, and Mexico address these questions. They compare the environmental damages caused by small firms and large ones. They explore the positive and negative economic consequences of pollution control strategies focusing on small firms, the administrative challenges of regulating thousands of firms which are often unregistered and unknown to the government, and they describe innovative approaches for persuading small firms to implement effective pollution controls. The case studies cover a variety of industrial sectors including ceramics, leather tanning, textiles, and agro-industry, and evaluate a wide range of environmental management strategies that include encouraging collective action among small firms, creating economic incentives for pollution control, and helping small firms adopt clean technologies and environmental management systems. Many of the chapters are groundbreaking, addressing topics new to the literature?for example, the role of international trade in greening small firms, and funding small firm pollution control projects by linking them to efforts to stem global warming.Highly readable, Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries is a valuable text for courses in development policy and economics that have an environmental component or focus. It will also prove of interest to development workers, policymakers in developing countries, and students and scholars of environmental policy and law.

DKK 514.00

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Small Animal Behavioural Medicine - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Small Animal Behavioural Medicine - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk - vi har over 400.000 produkter på webshoppen. Fri fragt og fremragende score på TP

DKK 648.00

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Small Fruits in the Home Garden - Robert E Gough - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Why plant a vegetable garden with the same old tomato and cucumber plants that everyone else has? Small Fruits in the Home Garden is your home gardener?s guide to growing and harvesting small fruit for personal enjoyment. The contributors to this book provide the necessary information and helpful hints for you to grow many new varieties of small fruits, that have wonderful flavor but may not be suitable for commercial production, right at home. Now you can harvest the tastiest varieties at their peak flavor! In Small Fruits in the Home Garden, you?ll see how small fruits can enhance not only your diet, but also your garden and landscape. You?ll learn how strawberry plants, for example, make wonderful perennial borders along paths and walkways and how currants, gooseberrries, and blueberries serve as “edible” hedges that are especially lovely in the summer when their branches are laden with colorful fruit. Each chapter of this unique handbook provides detailed background and growing information on a particular fruit, with special attention to: - climate - soil - pests - water table - preplant operations - planting - management - pruning - fertilizing - liming - - watering - See how growing and harvesting small fruit can provide you with something nutritious and beautiful that doesn?t demand too much free time. With Small Fruits in the Home Garden, you, too, can easily manage and enjoy small fruit growing.

DKK 496.00

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The Laboratory Small Ruminant - Matthew J. Allen - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Laboratory Small Ruminant details basic information and common procedures for individuals performing research with small ruminants. Details include duties of animal husbandry, regulatory compliance, and technical procedures. It is designed to assist in the humane care and use of small ruminants in the laboratory and to provide immediate information for investigators, technicians, and animal caretakers. It includes references to alternative procedures and methods and offers possible sources and suppliers of animals, feed, sanitation supplies, cages, and research and veterinary supplies. Researchers, investigators, lab technicians and animal caretakers will need this resource.

DKK 606.00

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Making the Most of Small Groups - Debbie Diller - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Author Debbie Diller turns her attention to small reading groups and the teacher''s role in small-group instruction. Making the Most of Small Groups: Differentiation for All grapples with difficult questions regarding small-group instruction in elementary classrooms such as: - How do I find the time? - How can I be more organized? - How do I form groups? - How can I differentiate to meet the needs of all of my students? Structured around the five essential reading elements - comprehension, fluency, phonemic awareness, phonics, and vocabulary - the book provides practical tips, sample lessons, lesson plans and templates, suggestions for related literacy work stations, and connections to whole-group instruction. In addition to ideas to use immediately in the classroom, Diller provides an overview of relevant research and reflection questions for professional conversations.

DKK 320.00

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Small Animal Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Disorders - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

The practice of small animal orthopedics has advanced considerably in the 15 years since the publication of the first edition of Self-Assessment Color Review of Small Animal Orthopedics . Diagnostic procedures, instrumentation, implant systems, and surgical techniques have evolved and progressed considerably. This second edition of a trusted text keeps pace with the rapidly expanding practice of small animal orthopedics while embracing the developing fields of canine sports medicine and rehabilitative medicine. The newly titled Small Animal Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Disorders: Self-Assessment Color Review, 2nd Edition is designed to facilitate active learning through a new selection of clinical case scenarios along with integrated questions and answers that help readers develop sound decision-making skills. This illustrative, self-directed educational tool disseminates essential information to veterinary students, interns, and residents in training as well as small animal practitioners with specific interests in orthopedics, canine sports medicine, and rehabilitative medicine. In response to feedback provided by readers of the original text, references have been provided for each question, allowing readers the opportunity to delve more deeply into the topic of focus. The book includes contributions from an international group of clinicians and investigators. Orthopedic surgeons, radiologists, internists, pathologists, neurologists, and anesthetists as well as veterinarians engaged in rehabilitative medicine have provided their diverse expertise and experience to make this text a comprehensive review of the expanding fields relating to small animal orthopedics.

DKK 459.00

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Small is Democratic - Dana Ott - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book examines the relationship between state size and the formation and maintenance of democratic political systems. Using a cross-national, multiple case study of The Gambia in West Africa, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean, in combination with a quantitative data set on all the nations in the world, the study examines the effects of smallness, when measured by population size, on a number of variables including the probability of becoming and remaining democratic, access to information, political instability and political violence. The dissertation argues that the small scale social structure which is prevalent in small states directly affects the social interaction of individuals in these states through the multiple-role relationships created as a consequence; and indirectly affects the political and economic systems of these states through the impact of such social networks on political interaction, etc. The case studies examine the effects of smallness on two states that, aside from being small and democratic, share few background characteristics. It is argued that small state size acts as an enabling environment for democratization, increasing the likelihood that such states will become and remain democratic, as occurred in Trinidad and Tobago. The case of The Gambia illustrates the limitations of smallness to overcome other obstacles to democratization including economic, social, and systemic limitations. The quantitative analysis establishes a significant statistical relationship between small state size, when measured by population, and the formation and maintenance of political democracy, and an increased likelihood of political violence, when measured by political riots and deaths by political violence. The analysis concludes with a discussion of the implications of such findings, including transferability through the application of targeted decentralization programs.

DKK 576.00

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The Small Community - Arthur E. Morgan - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this age of large cities, mass culture, and ever more massive events, people must struggle against an overwhelming crowd of their own creations to maintain human integrity. In this manual for human survival, Arthur E. Morgan offers a solution: peaceful existence in the small, primary community where, more easily than anywhere else, people can find a way to live well. Ultimately striving to show that the small community is "the lifeblood of civilization," this volume examines the political organization, membership, economics, health, and ethics characteristics of small communities. Like Rousseau before him, Morgan observes that we have less control over our affairs than in the past. In increasing our control of the natural environment, human beings have built a social environment so out of scale that it becomes nearly impossible for people to maintain balance. The struggle now is less with the natural order than with the social order, and preserving human integrity against the plethora of our own creations is the core problem. The need to rediscover elementary forms of human existence has been accelerated by the efficiencies of centralized control and mass persuasion. In the face of this, small communities or intimate groups become the primary pattern in which human beings must live if the good life is to be a realistic goal. The timely nature of this volume has grown as the electronic displaces the mechanical as a moral rival to human community.

DKK 551.00

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Economic Development and Governance in Small Town America - Daniel (illinois Institute Of Technology Bliss - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Who governs? And why? How do they govern? These remain vital questions in the politics of our small cities and towns. In this new book, author Daniel Bliss takes issue with those who believe that small towns and cities are fatally vulnerable to the pressures of a global economy. Based on in-depth analyses of small town America, this book demonstrates how political agency can address and solve real problems affecting US towns, including capital flight, industrial closures, and job losses. Bliss illustrates how small localities exercise choices – such as nurturing local businesses and developing infrastructure rather than engaging in a "race to the bottom," heavily mortgaging tax revenues to attract large box retailers and small box call centers while passively watching more productive firms and better-paying jobs slip away. Taking careful account of comparative literature as well as variations in city governments, their planning agencies, and their relations with state authorities, this book explores the ways in which local politicians and public planning bodies can mobilize local constituencies to weather global challenges and common structural problems such as unfavorable demographics, skill shortages and out-migration. Economic Development and Governance in Small Town America holds out the promise of meaningful democratic change even in unfavorable political and economic circumstances.

DKK 412.00

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Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Presented in a question-and-answer format with all new cases, this new edition of a bestselling book provides a broad overview of small animal soft tissue surgery. Clinical cases appear in random order to simulate the way they might appear in an actual veterinary practice. Cases include photos, a description of presenting symptoms, and questions the veterinarian must answer in order to arrive at the correct diagnosis and to plan proper treatment. Complete answers are provided for each question. This practical structure with integrated questions, illustrations, and detailed explanations is designed to educate as well as to provide answers. Veterinary students, general practitioners, surgical residents, and specialists with an interest in soft tissue surgery will find Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery: Self-Assessment Color Review, Second Edition an essential resource.

DKK 459.00

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Small Cities with Big Dreams - Lian Duif - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by ‘world cities’ and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of ‘s-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

DKK 422.00

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The Small College Imperative - Mary B. Marcy - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

With costs rising, traditional college student populations shrinking, and pundits predicting that huge numbers of colleges will close in the next few decades, small colleges cannot afford to pretend that business-as-usual can sustain them. This book offers five emerging models for how small colleges can hope to survive and thrive in these very challenging times: Traditional; Integrative; Distinctive Program; Expansion, and Distributed. In addition to offering practical guidance for colleges trying to decide which model is for them, the book includes brief institutional profiles of colleges pursuing each model. The book also addresses the evolving role of consortia and partnerships as an avenue to provide additional innovative ways to manage cost and develop new opportunities and programs while maintaining fidelity to mission and strategic vision.

DKK 357.00

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Persuasive Advertising for Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners - William Winston - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Here is the perfect book for entrepreneurs and small business owners who want to know how to create effective advertising on an affordable budget. Persuasive Advertising for Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners shows you how to plan and execute money-making advertisements and commercials--on a workable budget. Jay Granat, an experienced marketing professional and ad man, provides readers with a practical understanding of advertising principles, media selection, copywriting, consumer behavior, and persuasive advertising methods in promotional efforts. These principles have important implications, and Jay Granat shows you how to utilize them and stay within your means. Successful cases from across the media--television, print, direct mail, radio, transit, and public relations, representing construction, law, medicine, publishing, retail businesses, restaurants, and others--highlight various prosperous approaches to persuasive advertising. Written specifically for entrepreneurs and small business owners, Granat’s book is the first to explain how to use persuasive tactics and strategies. Ideal for established small business owners and those starting such a venture, this manual makes affordable advertising an easier step on the path to success. In addition to analyzing many aspects of advertising, this manual outlines appropriate networking and public relations strategies for entrepreneurs and small business owners. Granat teaches you how to construct money-making advertising and to recognize when your sales messages are effective and when the messages need to become more persuasive. To help illustrate the power of effective sales messages, he includes examples of his own advertising successes and failures. You will be better equipped to foresee when your own advertising campaigns are more likely to succeed or more likely to fail and how to reverse a failing campaign. Descriptions of the advantages and disadvantages of each advertising medium assist with the question of how to construct effective and persuasive selling messages for specific media. Whether you are looking for advice on how to plan a marketing/advertising campaign, ways to familiarize yourself with each medium available and select a medium to carry your messages, or how to use mind-set advertising, you will find it in Persuasive Advertising for Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners. This abundance of useful information is ideal for copywriters, brand managers, entrepreneurial institutes, business professors, communications professionals, readers of Inc., Success, and Entrepreneur, advertising and marketing students, and of course, entrepreneurs and small business owners.

DKK 679.00

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Starting, Managing and Promoting the Small Library - Robert Berk - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

A guide to the establishment of the library which covers materials acquisition, the organization and usage of the library''s collection to provide a variety of services and the use of automation. This book aims to instruct the librarian on managing the small library effectively.

DKK 410.00

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Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine - Elke Rudloff - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Managing emergency and critical care situations is a daily challenge for veterinary practitioners caring for small animals. The appropriate treatment must be undertaken as quickly as possible and the most life-threatening problem tackled first. This second edition of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine provides more than 200 new randomly organized cases in the form of integrated questions, illustrations, and detailed explanatory answers. The concise, simulation-oriented format helps readers test their skills in emergency situations and gain practice making rapid decisions about diagnosis and treatment plans. The book covers all aspects of emergency and critical care medicine where a coordinated team approach to patient care is needed. It is an essential reference for newly qualified veterinary practitioners, technicians, nurses, students, and examination candidates.

DKK 467.00

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Small Acts of Leadership - G. Shawn Hunter - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

In business today, there is no offline and there is no downtime. Professionals are both exhausted and depleted. Being constantly tethered to our work through technology makes us overwhelmed and shortsighted, and deprives us of time for meaningful reflection or thoughtful connection to our professional communities, and often even to our own families. For us to thrive-not simply survive-in this accelerating economy, we need to adopt small, intentional behaviors and practice them each day. From simply taking care of our rest and exercise to building our self-confidence and embracing challenges, author Shawn Hunter''s latest book Small Acts of Leadership will guide you through a series of incremental steps you can take to build a stronger version of yourself and make a broader impact in the world. Weaving in personal life stories and meaningful interviews with business leaders around the world, Hunter presents the reader with twelve critical competencies that are consistently present in the daily behaviors of today''s most successful leaders.

DKK 301.00

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Computerized Management of Multiple Small Projects - Richarde. Westney - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

"This well-organized reference presents complete and explicit instructions on exactly what to do to manage multiple small projects -- using limited resources -- in any industry. The hands-on methods -- derived from proven successes in every type of business -- specifically address the needs of the nonspecialist project manager, and are highly effective for professionals who coordinate multiple projects of any kind. "

DKK 527.00

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High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules - Geoffrey (emeritus Professor Duxbury - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Over recent years electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules explores both theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the electronic spectra of small molecules, and explains how this information translates to practice. Professors Geoffrey Duxbury and Alexander Alijah present the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, and discuss theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states. They provide a thorough discussion of experimental techniques, and explore practical applications. This book will be an indispensable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry working on theoretical and practical aspects of electronic spectra, as well as atmospheric scientists, photochemists, kineticists and professional spectroscopists.

DKK 993.00

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Small Comrades - Lisa A. Kirschenbaum - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Small Comrades is a fascinating examination of Soviet conceptions of childhood and the resulting policies directed toward children. Working on the assumption that cultural representations and self-representations are not entirely separable, this book probes how the Soviet regime''s representations structured teachers'' observations of their pupils and often adults'' recollections of their childhood. The book draws on work that has been done on Soviet schooling, and focuses specifically on the development of curricula and institutions, but it also examines the wider context of the relationship between the family and the state, and to the Bolshevik vision of the "children of October"

DKK 594.00

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Small Businesses Trickling Up in Central and Eastern Europe - Galen Spencer Hull - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

First published in 1999. Small businesses now constitute the most dynamic element of growth in the emerging markets of the Central and Eastern European region. This book argues that the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector has contributed more to the growth of these countries in transition than have privatized state enterprises and the public sector. In 1989 most of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe were still under an economic system dominated by state-owned enterprises. Since then a process of liberalization has been unleashed to promote free market policies. This has involved programs of privatization and restructuring of public enterprises, as well as the promotion of policies to enable a private sector to develop. Small businesses are creating thousands of new jobs while large companies are retrenching and downsizing their work force. In some countries of the region this process is much further along than in others. However, the SME sector has developed at a more rapid pace than has the privatization of the large public companies. There has been a flurry of new enterprises springing up throughout the region which are trickling up in a frequently hostile environment against tremendous odds, and yet managing to have a pronounced impact on their respective economies. Small businesses have taken over in sectors that used to be dominated by big enterprises, primarily in services and consumer products. They have provided a crucial outlet for pent-up entrepreneurial talent that had remained dormant during the long period of state domination. This work urges legislators, policy-makers, and development agencies alike to take account of the importance of the SME''s in their legislation and planning. Given a more favorable environment, these small businesses will provide even greater impetus for economic growth. Equally important is for entrepreneurs themselves to be convinced of the rightness of their path in societies that have traditionally looked down upon profit-seekers as unscrupulous and selfish. If the CEE region is to achieve its full potential of economic growth, policies and support mechanisms to promote the SME sector will be needed to assure a favorable environment.

DKK 204.00

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Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling - Ann Harding - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Small Area Estimation and Microsimulation Modeling is the first practical handbook that comprehensively presents modern statistical SAE methods in the framework of ultramodern spatial microsimulation modeling while providing the novel approach of creating synthetic spatial microdata. Along with describing the necessary theories and their advantages and limitations, the authors illustrate the practical application of the techniques to a large number of substantive problems, including how to build up models, organize and link data, create synthetic microdata, conduct analyses, yield informative tables and graphs, and evaluate how the findings effectively support the decision making processes in government and non-government organizations. Features - - Covers both theoretical and applied aspects for real-world comparative research and regional statistics production - - - Thoroughly explains how microsimulation modeling technology can be constructed using available datasets for reliable small area statistics - - - Provides SAS codes that allow readers to utilize these latest technologies in their own work. - This book is designed for advanced graduate students, academics, professionals and applied practitioners who are generally interested in small area estimation and/or microsimulation modeling and dealing with vital issues in social and behavioural sciences, applied economics and policy analysis, government and/or social statistics, health sciences, business, psychology, environmental and agriculture modeling, computational statistics and data simulation, spatial statistics, transport and urban planning, and geospatial modeling. Dr Azizur Rahman is a Senior Lecturer in Statistics and convenor of the Graduate Program in Applied Statistics at the Charles Sturt University, and an Adjunct Associate Professor of Public Health and Biostatistics at the University of Canberra. His research encompasses small area estimation, applied economics, microsimulation modeling, Bayesian inference and public health. He has more than 60 scholarly publications including two books. Dr. Rahman’s research is funded by the Australian Federal and State Governments, and he serves on a range of editorial boards including the International Journal of Microsimulation (IJM) . Professor Ann Harding, AO is an Emeritus Professor of Applied Economics and Social Policy at the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) of the University of Canberra. She was the founder and inaugural Director of this world class Research Centre for more than sixteen years, and also a co-founder of the International Microsimulation Association (IMA) and served as the inaugural elected president of IMA from 2004 to 2011. She is a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. She has more than 300 publications including several books in microsimulation modeling.

DKK 902.00

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Clinical Signs in Small Animal Medicine - Michael Schaer D.v.m. - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

This new edition of the bestselling Clinical Signs in Small Animal Medicine presents 800 all new color photographs of the highest quality, with detailed captions that focus on key pointers to diagnosis and treatment. The book is organised into chapters by body system, each beginning with a list of ‘Clinical Pearls''. These amusing and accurate key points will be invaluable when considering conditions or highlighting common concerns. Within each chapter, the superb photographs of real cases are annotated with brief, key information that provides a succinct and useful reminder of lessons learned.

DKK 684.00

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Understanding the Math We Teach and How to Teach It, K-8 - Marian Small - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Dr. Marian Small has written a landmark book for a wide range of educational settings and audiences, from pre-service math methods courses to ongoing professional learning for experienced teachers. Understanding the Math We Teach and How to Teach It, K-8 focuses on the big mathematical ideas in elementary and middle school grade levels and shows how to teach those concepts using a student-centered, problem-solving approach. - Comprehensive and Readable: Dr. Small helps all teachers deepen their content knowledge by illustrating core mathematical themes with sample problems, clear visuals, and plain language - Big Focus on Student Thinking: The book's tools, models. and discussion questions are designed to understand student thinking and nudge it forward. Particularly popular features include charts listing common student misconceptions and ways to address them, a table of suggested manipulatives for each topic, and a list of related children's book - Implementing Standards That Make Sense: By focusing on key mathematics principles, Understanding the Math We Teach and How to Teach It, K-8 helps to explain the "whys" of state standards and provides teachers with a deeper understanding of number sense, operations, algebraic thinking, geometry, and other critical topics Dr. Small, a former dean with more than 40 years in the field, conceived the book as an essential guide for teachers throughout their career: "Many teachers who teach at the K-8 level have not had the luxury of specialist training in mathematics, yet they are expected to teach an increasingly sophisticated curriculum to an increasingly diverse student population in a climate where there are heightened public expectations. They deserve help."

DKK 856.00

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In Search of Synergy in Small Group Performance - Jr. Larson - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

This volume critically evaluates more than a century of empirical research on the effectiveness of small, task-performing groups, and offers a fresh look at the costs and benefits of collaborative work arrangements. The central question taken up by this book is whether -- and under what conditions -- interaction among group members leads to better performance than would otherwise be achieved simply by combining the separate efforts of an equal number of people who work independently. This question is considered with respect to a range of tasks (idea-generation, problem solving, judgment, and decision-making) and from several different process perspectives (learning and memory, motivation, and member diversity). As a framework for assessing the empirical literature, the book introduces the concept of ''synergy.'' Synergy refers to an objective gain in performance that is attributable to group interaction. Further, it distinguishes between weak and strong synergy, which are performance gains of different magnitude. The book highlights the currently available empirical evidence for both weak and strong synergy, identifies the conditions that seem necessary to produce each, and suggests where the search for synergy might best be directed in the future. The book is at once a high-level introduction to the field, a review of the field''s history, and a scholarly critique of the current state-of-the-art. As such, it is essential reading for graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers interested in group dynamics generally -- and small group performance in particular.

DKK 579.00

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Leadership in a Small Town - Aaron Wildavsky - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Of all the questions that might be asked about political life, it would be difficult to find one of greater interest than the ancient query: who rules over whom? It appeals powerfully to our curiosity. We want to know who "runs" things--who makes policy decisions in New York, Washington, London, or the town in which we live. Is it a single powerful individual, an economic elite, a series of elites, the citizens, political bosses, or some variant of these possibilities?The major purpose of this volume is to find an answer to this question for a small American city, and to extend the answer through relevant theory to American cities in general. But much more precisely, answers are sought for these interrelated questions: What are the relationships between the rulers and the ruled? How are the rulers related to each other? Are the rulers the same for all policies or do they differ from one area of policy to another? How do leaders arise, and in what way are they different from other people?The issues discussed in this volume are familiar to many towns. They range from controversies about the building of a new water system to housing and zoning codes, from charity appeals to low-income housing, from nominations and elections to industrial development and off-street parking. Wildavsky draws parallels to other community studies and formulates general propositions in support of his thesis that American communities are pluralist. And ultimately, Wildavsky is optimistic that small towns foster citizen participation, giving the population more of a chance to direct its own future.Aaron Wildavsky was, until his death in 1993, professor of political science and public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and, while working on the present study, taught at Oberlin College. Transaction has posthumously published Wildavsky''s complete essays and papers in five volumes.Nelson W. Polsby is Heller Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught American politics and government since 1967. He is editor of the Annual Review of Political Science and author of Congress and the Presidency.

DKK 486.00

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