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Winds of Change - Xiaodong Wang - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Winds of Change - Xiaodong Wang - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

East Asia has experienced the fastest economic growth in the world over the last three decades, accompanied by a 10-fold gross domestic product increase and rapid urbanisation. Energy consumption has more than tripled during this period and is expected to double over the next 20 years. This remarkable trend has led to twin energy challenges in the region - environmental sustainability and energy security. Written for an audience of energy policy makers and practitioners, Winds of Change explores the region's energy future over the next two decades through two energy scenarios. It outlines the strategic direction East Asia's energy sector must take to meet its growing energy demand in an environmentally sustainable manner, and presents a pathway of policy frameworks and financing mechanisms to get there. The six East Asian countries - China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam - examined in this book could, with the right policies and financing, stabilise CO2 emissions by 2025, improve their local environment, and enhance energy security without compromising economic growth. They must move their energy sectors toward much higher efficiency and more widespread use of low-carbon technologies, while obtaining substantial financing and low-carbon technologies from developed countries. This clean energy revolution requires major policy and institutional reforms, including energy pricing reforms, regulations such as energy efficiency standards, financial incentives such as feed-in tariffs for renewable energy, and accelerated research and development. Finally, building low-carbon cities will be key to containing the rapid urban energy growth through compact urban design, public transport, clean vehicles, and green buildings. The window of opportunity is closing fast - delaying action would lock the region into a longlasting high-carbon infrastructure. The technical and policy means exist for such transformational changes, but only strong political will and unprecedented international cooperation will make them happen.

DKK 268.00
1

Expanding Housing Finance in South Asia - Tatiana Nenova - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Expanding Housing Finance in South Asia - Tatiana Nenova - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Rapid economic growth in South Asia, urbanisation, and a rising middle class have created considerable pent-up demand for housing and housing finance. More than 14 percent of low-income South Asians have no home. In response, South Asia's dynamic housing and housing finance markets have grown at rates of around 30%, but are still limited to upper-income groups. The contribution of housing and real-estate sector to overall economic growth, social uplift and employment is considerable. Housing and housing finance services have the clear potential to expand to middle- and even lower- income families. This requires an improved land administration, strengthened legal framework for land titling, registration, and foreclosure, better market data provision, and promotion of long-term funding for mortgage lenders and developers. Innovative traditional mortgage products and Islamic finance could match demand in underserved market segments. This report, a first regional effort on the topic, examines housing shortages in South Asia, as well as outlines shortcomings of the market for home mortgages. Information on good practice and country-specific examples are presented on enabling builder/developers, mortgage lenders, land administration, as well as foreclosure and other relevant regulations, to strengthen home ownership in South Asia. Special emphasis is accorded to low-income housing solutions.

DKK 396.00
1

Energy Efficiency - Yadviga Semikolenova - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Energy Efficiency - Yadviga Semikolenova - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Upon reviewing the evolution of the energy intensity of countries in Europe and the Former Soviet Union, a number of interesting trends became apparent: high energy intensity countries have reached the level of medium energy intensity economies 15 years earlier; medium energy intensity had similarly evolved to levels of low energy intensity economies in the same period. Furthermore, the fast transitioning economies of Central Europe were converging towards similar levels of energy intensities, particularly those adopting EU Directives. And successful EU-15 countries had managed to maintain economic growth while keeping energy use flat. This title looks at how countries make the transition from high to medium to low energy intensity. It explores whether or not leapfrogging is possible and what policies are particularly helpful. A few lessons that were learned: energy prices tend to evolve from subsidised levels to full cost recovery to full cost recovery plus environmental externalities. Industrial energy efficiency tended to be the starting point, with privatisation and competition driving companies to reduce their cost of production, including energy. Successful countries excelled at Governance: setting targets; building institutional capacity; creating and improving the legal and regulatory framework; and monitoring and evaluation. Households tended to be the last, and most difficult, area of reform, starting with pricing improvements, outreach campaigns, financing programmes and moving to building certificates programmes.

DKK 239.00
1

Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance - Alexander S. Preker - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance - Alexander S. Preker - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

"Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance: Staying the Course" is the fifth volume in a series of in-depth reviews on the role of health care financing in improving access for low-income populations to needed care, protecting them from the impoverishing effects of illness, and addressing the important issues of social exclusion in government financed programs. Success in improving access and financial protection through community and private voluntary health insurance have led many countries to attempt to make membership compulsory and to offer subsidized insurance through the public sector. The protagonists are divided into several camps; from supporters of health insurance to opponents or skeptics.

DKK 475.00
1

International debt statistics 2017 - World Bank Group - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

International debt statistics 2017 - World Bank Group - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

This year's edition of International Debt Statistics, successor to Global Development Finance and World Debt Tables, and the fourth in the series, is designed to respond to user demand for timely, comprehensive data on trends in external debt in low- and middle-income countries. It also provides summary information on the external debt of high-income countries and public (domestic and external) debt for a selectgroup of countries.International Debt Statistics 2017 provides a summary overview and a select set of indicators, while an expanded dataset is available online (datatopics.worldbank.org/debt/ids). As in previous years, IDS provides statistical tables showing the external debt of developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS). By providing comprehensive and timely data that reflects the latest additions and revisions, and by expanding the scope of the data available online, this publication aims to serve the needs of users and to reach a wider audience. Improvements in data dissemination are matched with ongoing efforts to improve the quality and timeliness of data collection. In partnership with the major providers of debt data management systems to low- and middle-income countries, the Commonwealth Secretariat (COMSEC) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank is working toward an established standard code and a set of system links that will enable countries to provide their DRS reports electronically in a seamless and automated data exchange process.

DKK 682.00
1

Energy Efficient Cities - - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Energy Efficient Cities - - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Energy is intrinsic to urban settlements, embedded in the built environment, and directly used to power socio-economic activity, transport and communications, and enable the provision of municipal services. In response to the crucial role of urban energy efficiency for environmentally sustainable and inclusive development processes, ESMAP s Energy Efficient Cities Initiative (EECI) was launched in October 2008 to facilitate the implementation of practical energy solutions that meet the development priorities of cities, and simultaneously build their climate resilience. Chapter 1 begins with a contextual background on the inter-related associations between energy, socio-economic progress and urbanization. This edited volume compiles seven topical papers presented at the two EECI sponsored sessions during the World Bank s fifth Urban Research Symposium, held at Marseille, France, June 28-30, 2009. Chapters 2 8 comprise the papers presented at these sessions: i) tools and assessment approaches on energy efficient urban development, and ii) good practices that promote low carbon sectoral interventions. The analytical tools and policy insights offered in this volume extend from integrated assessments of new cities to the impacts of socio-economic, climate and demographic changes on existing cities. Sector-specific interventions are discussed in the context of tools to green buildings in Australia, the transformation to efficient lighting systems in the Philippines, and Demand Responsive Transport Systems in France. In addition, the documentation and benchmarking of a variety of low-carbon and carbon neutral good practices provides a range of practical insights on plausible energy efficient interventions in urban sectors. Thus the chapters in this publication comprise significant contributions to the ESMAP objective of mainstreaming and leveraging knowledge and initiatives on urban energy efficiency. Following from them, the last chapter 9 provides a contextual overview of ESMAP s programmatic priorities to support energy efficient urban growth, to be effected through EECI.

DKK 343.00
1

Open and nimble - World Bank - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Open and nimble - World Bank - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Does economic size matter for economic development outcomes? If so are current policies adequately addressing the role of size in the development process? Using working age population as a proxy for country size, Open and Nimble, systematically analyzes what makes small economies unique. Small economies are not necessarily prone to underdevelopment and in fact can achieve very high income levels. Small economies, however, do tend to be highly open to both international trade and foreign direct investment, have highly specialized export structures, and have large government expenditures relative to their Gross Domestic Product. The export structures of small economies are concentrated in a few products or services and in a small number of export destinations. In turn, this export concentration is associated with terms of trade volatility, which combined with high exposure to international trade, implies that small economies tend to face more volatility on average as external volatility permeates national economic life. Yet small economies tend to compensate for their export concentration by being nimble in the sense of being able to change their production and export structure relatively quickly over time. Moreover, limited territory plays a role in shaping how economies are affected by natural disasters, even when the probability of facing such disasters is not necessarily higher among small than among large economies. The combination of large governments with macroeconomic volatility seems to be associated with low national savings rates in small economies. This combination could be a challenge for long-term growth if productivity growth and foreign investment do not compensate for low domestic savings. The book finishes with some thoughts on how policy makers can respond to these issues through coordinated investments and regional integration efforts, as well as fiscal policy reforms aimed at both increasing public savings and conducting countercyclical fiscal policies.

DKK 347.00
1

Multigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa v. 173; World Bank Working Papers - - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Multigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa v. 173; World Bank Working Papers - - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

"In Africa, with the expansion of coverage of primary education in recent decades, many of the remaining out-of-school children are in hard to reach areas, with low population density and poor transport. Providing access to education is challenging in such contexts, as the population in any village is often too small to support a conventional primary school. One of the answers is the use of multigrade teaching, where one teacher works with students of two or more grades.This paper examines the practice of multigrade teaching in three African countries, Uganda, Senegal, and The Gambia. Although these three cases had very different approaches to multigrade, their experiences suggest that multigrade teaching is a promising and cost-effective option, but that successful implementation requires sustained support from policymakers, adequate training of teachers, and careful explanation of the approach to parents and the communities."

DKK 197.00
1

Bringing e-money to the poor - Anoma Kulathunga - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Bringing e-money to the poor - Anoma Kulathunga - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Moving towards universal access to financial services is within reach - thanks to new technologies, transformative business models and ambitious reforms. Such instruments as e-money accounts, along with debit cards and low-cost regular bank accounts, can significantly increase financial access for those who are now excluded. The purpose of this publication is to learn the lessons of success from 4 country case studies of "Gazelles" - Kenya, Thailand, Sri Lanka and South Africa - that have transformed the landscape of financial access to the poor by successfully enabling the deployment of e-money technology. 2 country case studies (Philippines and Maldives) yield lessons learned from constraints that stalled e-money deployments. Because Technology is not a silver bullet, the case studies explore "What are the other strategic elements that need to be in place in order for a country to guide increased financial access through digital technology?"

DKK 386.00
1

Preparing the next generation in Tanzania - World Bank - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

Preparing the next generation in Tanzania - World Bank - Bog - World Bank Publications - Plusbog.dk

"Human capital refers to a broad range of knowledge, skills, and capabilities that are needed for life and work and that are typically build through quality education. Countries that fail to invest consistently in education often do not experience robust economic growth because investments in physical infrastructure, such as dams, roads, and airports as well as developments in other economic sectors such as banking or information technology, are often constrained and yield low returns in the absence of an adequately educated work force. Human capital development is critical for setting Tanzania on a trajectory toward middle income status, a target it wants to reach by the year 2025. It is projected that a significant share of Tanzania''s economic growth over the coming decades will be concentrated in occupations that require citizens with postsecondary training and skills, as is already the case in middle-income countries. Hence the pressure and the challenge to close systemic gaps and inefficiencies that hamper the education system in the country."

DKK 308.00
1