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Cost Modelling

Forensic DNA Transfer

Forensic DNA Transfer

Forensic DNA Transfer provides a guide to the recognition and current understanding of DNA transfer in forensic criminal investigations. Increased improvements in technology mean that it is now routinely possible to obtain DNA profiles from non-visible deposits. How or when the DNA in question was deposited may be an issue in the context of the case especially if the donor of the DNA is not in dispute. A DNA profile alone cannot reveal when or how that DNA was deposited at a crime scene nor can it reveal the body matter from which it originated. Issues of transfer associated with activities may be debated—which the traditional discrimination purpose of DNA profiling cannot address. DNA may be everywhere and anywhere—in homes at workplaces during transport and on personal items including clothing. DNA from a person may be on an object they have never contacted or in a room they have never entered. Concepts discussed in the book include non-self DNA on hands through day-to-day activities the prevalence of background DNA in the environment and perhaps on the exhibit the persistence of any DNA transferred and that a DNA result will depend on these variables as well as recovery techniques. Since DNA may be transferred to an exhibit: (a) during the commission of a crime (b) before the crime and/or (c) after the crime through handling examination and testing this book covers various transfer pathways and sources of DNA. Documented cases of inadvertent transfer of DNA resulting in wrongful convictions or the misdirection of criminal investigations are discussed—with an emphasis on contamination mitigation throughout the entire process. Forensic DNA Transfer examines the additional complexity resulting from non-visible deposits of DNA that impact on sampling and testing regimes. The changing understanding of the composition of purported 'touch DNA' deposits from the skin including extracellular DNA transported via body secretions is described. Further the newer focus on interpreting DNA evidence—using activity level propositions and the rationale and associated issues—is also discussed.

GBP 46.99
1

Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning

Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning

In machine learning applications practitioners must take into account the cost associated with the algorithm. These costs include: Cost of acquiring training dataCost of data annotation/labeling and cleaningComputational cost for model fitting validation and testingCost of collecting features/attributes for test dataCost of user feedback collectionCost of incorrect prediction/classificationCost-Sensitive Machine Learning is one of the first books to provide an overview of the current research efforts and problems in this area. It discusses real-world applications that incorporate the cost of learning into the modeling process. The first part of the book presents the theoretical underpinnings of cost-sensitive machine learning. It describes well-established machine learning approaches for reducing data acquisition costs during training as well as approaches for reducing costs when systems must make predictions for new samples. The second part covers real-world applications that effectively trade off different types of costs. These applications not only use traditional machine learning approaches but they also incorporate cutting-edge research that advances beyond the constraining assumptions by analyzing the application needs from first principles. Spurring further research on several open problems this volume highlights the often implicit assumptions in machine learning techniques that were not fully understood in the past. The book also illustrates the commercial importance of cost-sensitive machine learning through its coverage of the rapid application developments made by leading companies and academic research labs.

GBP 59.99
1